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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 生物資源暨農學院
  3. 園藝暨景觀學系
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23317
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor張龍生
dc.contributor.authorPing-cheng Zhaen
dc.contributor.author查秉辰zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-08T04:59:07Z-
dc.date.copyright2010-08-20
dc.date.issued2010
dc.date.submitted2010-08-19
dc.identifier.citation緒言.
1.李崇僖. 2008. 理念與實踐:有機農業的法政策課題. 律師雜誌 345:11-21.
2.郭恆祺 譯. 2007. 沒有石油的明天:能源枯竭的全球化衝擊. 商周出版,台北市.(J.H. Kunstler. 2005. The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century. Atlantic Monthly Press, Washington D.C.)
3.黃山內. 1989. 有機農業之發展及其重要性. 有機農業 p.21-30.
4.劉凱翔、郭華仁. 2007. 歐盟有機農業法修正草案的內涵. 農政與農情 176: 83-89.
5.謝順景、謝慶芳 編. 1989. 有機農業研討會專輯. 台中區農業改良場特刊第16號.
6.韓寶珠. 2004. 歐盟共同農業政策改革與啟示. 農政與農情143: 53-62.
7. Willer, H., M. Yussefi-Menzler, and N. Sorensen, eds. 2008. The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008. IFOAM (Bonn) and FiBL (Frick).
8. Chen, W. and J. Miller. 2004. Taiwan organic products 2003. Gain Report TW4002, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA.
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10.Mäder, P., A. Flie bach, D. Dubois, L. Gunst, P. Fried, and U. Niggli. 2002. Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science296:1694-1697.
11.Reganold, J. P., L. F. Elliott, and Y. L. Unger. 1987. Long-term effects of organic and conventional farming on soil erosion. Nature 330:370-372.
12.Rundgren, G., and P. Lusting. 2007. Organic Market in Africa, Germany, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, Bonn
13.Elsen , T. V. 1999. Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agric, Ecos and Envir. 77 : 101–109
14.Benites, E., R. Nogales, M. Campos, and F. Ruano. 2006. Biochemical variability of olive-orchard soils under different management systems. Appl. Soil Ecol. 32:221-231
15.USDA. 2007. Organic farmong intiatives. In: USDA 2007 Farm Bill proposals. pp.166-167
16.Boel-Journal. 2006. Hamm, Ulrich. How to build up International Statistics on Organic Markets. Paper presented at Researching Sustainable Systems - International Scientific Conference on Organic Agriculture, Adelaide, Australia, September 21-23, 2005.
17.Stefan, L., U. Williges, S. Saxena, H. Willer. 2005. Country Report on Organic Food and Farming Research in Germany, CMA.
18.Tillman, D. 1999 Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5995-6000.
19.Zhu, Y. et al. 2000. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature 406:718-722
20.Sansavini, S. 1997. Integrated fruit production in Europe: Research and strategies for a sustainable industry. Sci. Hort 68:25-36.
21.Baysal, F., M. S. Benitez, M. Kleinhenz, S. A. Miller, and B. B. McSpadden Gardener. 2008. Field management effects on damping-off and early season vigor of crops in a transitional organic cropping system. Phytopathology 98:562-570.
22.Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi. (2005) The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2005. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), Bonn Germany.
23.Sheng, J., L. Shen, Y. Qiao, M. Yu, and B. Fan. 2009. Market trends and accreditation systems for organic food in China. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 20: 396-401
24.Granatstein, D., and E. Kirby. 2002. Current trends in organic tree fruit production.
25. Weibel, F.P., L. Tamm, E. Wyss, C. Daniel, A. Häseli, and F. Suter. 2007. Organic fruit production in Europe: successes in production and marketing in the last decade, perspectives and challenges for the future development. Acta. Hort. 737:163-172
26. Ames, G. K. and G. Kuepper. 2004. Tree Fruits: organic production overview. ATTRT 092104 pp.1-15
27.Huang-Tzeng Chang-Ju, Market Policies and Import Controls for Organic Products in Germany, The 24th Joint Board Meeting of the Sino-German Association for Economic and Social Research, 2006, Taipei, Taiwan.
28.Arimura, G., R. Ozawa, T. Shimoda, T. Nishioka, W. Boland, and J. Takabayashi. 2000. Herbivory-induced volatiles elicit defence genes in lima bean leaves. Nature 406:512-515.
29. Weibel, F., and A. Häseli. 2003. Organic apple production with emphasis on European experiences in: Apples: Botany, Production and Uses. D. C. Ferree and I. J. Warrington, ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. p.551-583
Chapter 1.
1.陳吉村. 1997. 花蓮縣之地形地質與主要土系(上)(下). 花蓮區農業專訊20:8-9
2.謝明憲、王聞淨、張龍生. 1999. 番木瓜兩性株花器形成過程之型態觀察. 中國園藝:45(2):180-191.
3.謝明憲、張龍生. 2002. 兩性株型表現在番木瓜品種間之差異. 中國園藝 48: 211-218.
4.顏昌瑞、林宗賢. 1991. 果實生長發育與果實品質之改進. 台灣果樹之生產及研究發展研討會專刊. 台灣省農業試驗所嘉義分所 p. 55-60.
5.Abbasi,P. A.,Al-Dahmani, J.,Sahin,F., Hoitink,H. A. J., and Miller, S.A.2002 .Effect of compost amendments on disease severity and yield of tomato in organic and conventional production systems. Plant Dis. 86:156-161
6.Allan, P., J. Allan, Mc Chlery, and D. Biggs. 1987. Environmental effects on colonel female and male Carica papaya L. plants. Sci. Hort. 32:221-232.
7.Allan, P. 2002. Carica papaya responses under cool subtropical growth conditions. Acta Hort. 575: 757-761.
8.Arkle,T. D. and H. Y. Nakasone. 1984. Floral differentiation in the hermaphroditic papaya. Hortscience 19(6):823-824.
9.Awada, M., and W. Ikeda. 1957. Effect of water and nitrogen application on composition growth, sugar in fruits, yield and sex expression of the papaya plants. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. No. 33.
10.Awada, M. 1958. Relationship of minimum temperature and growth rate with sex expression of papaya plants. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 38
11.Coombe, B. G. 1976. The development of fleshy fruits. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27:507-28
12.Faust, M. 1989. Physiology of temperate zone fruit trees. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 338
13.Huff D. R. and L. Wu. 1987. Sex expression in buffalo grass under different environment. Crop Science 27 :623-626.
14.Lange, A. H. 1961. Factor affecting sex changes in the flowers of Carica papaya L., Proc. Amer. Soc .Hort. Sci. 77:252-264.
15.Lewis D. H., and J.A. Considine. 1999. Pollination and fruit set in the tamarillo(Cyphomandra betacea(Cav.) Sendt.) 2. patterns of flowering and fruit set. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 27:101-112.
16. Liebhardt, W. C., W. Andrews, M. N. Culik, R. R. Harwood, R.R. Janke, J. K. Radke, and S. L. Rieger-Schwartz. 1989. Crop production during conversion from conventional to low-input methods. Agron. J. 81:150-159.
17. Nakasone, H. Y. 1952. Inheritance of fruiting height in papaya. M. S. thesis, Univ. of Hawaii p. 36.
13. Manshardt, R. 2002. Is organic papaya production in Hawaii threatened by cross-pollination with genetically engineered varieties? Biotechnology Oct BIO-1.
18. Sanzol, J., and M. Herrero. 2001. The “effective pollination period” in fruit trees. Sci. Hort. 90: 1-17.
19. Selvaraj, Y., M. D. Subramanyam, and C. P. A. Iyer. 1982. Changes in the chemical composition of four cultivars of papaya (Carica papaya L.) during growth and development. J. Hort. Sci. London. 57: 135-143.
20. Story, W. B. 1984. Papaya(Carica papaya L.) In: Evolution of crop plants. Edited Simmonds, W. New York p21-24.
21.Wang, T. T., and C. C. Shiesh. 1990. Fruit growth, development and maturity indices of Irwin mango in Taiwan. Acta Hort. 269:189-196.
22. Wzaman, Z., S. K. Biswas, M. O. H. Helali, M. Ibrahim, and P. Hassan. 2006. Physico-chemical composition of four papaya varieties grown at rajshahi J. bio-sci. 14: 83-86
Chapter 2.
1.安寶貞、呂理燊、莊再揚、高清文. 1998. 套袋與地面覆蓋對檬果炭疽病與蒂腐病之防治效果. 植病會刊7:19-26.
2.安寶貞、黃瑞卿、陳茂發. 1994. 環境因子對檬果炭疽病發生之影響. 植病會刊3:34-44.
3.黃子彬、楊耀祥、李金龍. 1984. 套袋對巨峰葡萄果實品質之影響. 台灣農業: 20(2):29-33.
4.黃明雅、王仁晃. 2006. 冬季全果房套袋減少番木瓜果實污斑發生. 臺灣園藝52(4):521(摘要).
5.賴茂賢. 2002. 凱特檬果果實品質改進與生理裂變之研究. 台灣大學園藝學研究所碩士論文 p.37-39.
6.楊耀祥. 1984. 果實套袋技術. 農委會、農林廳編印. p.51.
7.Abbasi, P. A., Al-Dahmani, J., Sahin, F., Hoitink, H. A. J., and Miller, S. A. 2002. Effect of compost amendments on disease severity and yield of tomato in organic and conventional production systems. Plant Dis. 86:156-161.
8.Alvarez A M. 1977. Postharvest disease of papaya disease of papaya reduced by biweekly orchard sprys. Plant Dis. Rep. 61:731-735.
9.Brunt, A., K. Crabtree, and A. Gibbs. 1990. Virus and tropical plants: papaya ringspot potyvirus. CABI Wallingford U.K. p.374-377.
10.Cassandro, A., Banks, N. H. and Max. s. 2002. Effect of preharvest bagging on fruit quality and postharvest physiology of pears (Pyrus communis). NEW ZEAL J CROP HORT. 30: 99–107.
11.Chang, L. S. 1995. The response of papaya cultivars after inoculation of SMN papaya ringspot viral strain. Fruit Varieties J. 50: 1-7.
12.Dillard. H. R.1998. Effect of temperature, wetness duration, and inoculum density
on infection and lesion development of Colletotrichum coccodes on tomato fruit. Phytopathology 79:1063-1066.
13.Dietz, T. H., K. R. T. Raju, and S. S. Joshi. 1988. Studies on loss of weight of mango fruits as influenced by cuticles and lentcels. Acta Hort. 231:685-687.
14.Estrada, A. B., J.C. Dodd, and P. Jeffries. 2000. Effect of humidity and temperature on conidial germination and appressorium development of two Philippine isolates of the mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Plant Patho. 49: 608-618.
15.Fan, X. and J. P. Mattheis. 1998. Bagging'Fuji' apples during fruit development affects color development and storage quality. HortScience 33(7):1235-1238.
16.Fulya Baysal, F., M.-S. Benitez, M. D. Kleinhenz, S. A. Miller, and B. B. M. Gardener.2010. Field Management Effects on Damping-Off and Early Season Vigor of Crops in a Transitional Organic Cropping System. Plant Dis. 94:812-819.
17.Hofman, P. 1997. Bgging of mango (Mangifera indica cv.‘Keitt’) fruit influences fruit quality and mineral composition. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 12:83-91.
18.Holb, I. J. 2005. Effect of pruning on apple scab in organic apple production. Plant Dis. 89:611-618.
19.Hong, J. K., and B. K. Hwang. 1998. Influence of inoculum density, wetness duration, plant age, inoculation method, and cultivar resistance on infection of pepper plants by Colletotrichum coccodes. Plant Dis. 82: 1079-1083.
20.Ju, Z. 1998. Fruit bagging, a useful method for studying anthocyanin synthesis and gene expression in apples. Sci. Hort. 77 : 155-164.
21. King. W.T., Madden, L. V., M. A. Ellis and Wilson L. L. 1997. Effects of temperature on sporulation and latent period of Colletotrichum Spp. Infecting Strawberry Fruit. Plant Dis. 81: 77-84.
22. Kitagawa, H., K. Manabe, E. B. Esguerra. 1992: Bagging of fruit on the tree to control disease. Acta Hort. 321: 871–875.
23.Mike A. E., and M. Nita. 2007. Organic Small Fruit Disease Management Guidelines. OSU Fruit Disease Resources.
24.Peres. N. A., L. W. Timmer, J. E. Adaskaveg, and J. C. Correll. 2005. Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Dis. 89:784-796.
25.Sansavini, S. 1996. Integrated fruit production in Europe: research and strategies for a sustainable industry. Sci. Hort. 68 : 25-36.
26.Sepiah, M., et al. 1991. Fungicides for postharvest control of colletotrichum spp. in Eksotik a papaya. ASEAN Food Journal 6(1):14-18.
27.Stanghllini, M. E., and M. Aragaki. 1966. Relation of periderm formation and callous deposition to Anthracnose resistant to papaya fruit. Phytopathology 56:444-450.
28.Zwankhuizen, M. J., Govers, F., and Zadoks, J. C. 1998. Development of potato late blight epidemics: Disease foci, disease gradients, and infection sources. Phytopathology 88:754-763.
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23317-
dc.description.abstract近年來有機栽培在園藝產業已較普遍且重要,但其蔬果種類卻相對缺乏,尤其是果樹。果樹漫長之幼年期及病蟲害管理不易,使果農仍猶豫投入有機栽培行列。番木瓜產業優勢面為幼年期短、可快速提供經濟回饋、栽培技術簡易、果實甜美豐產、維生素豐富及青木瓜作蔬菜等特性,具有發展為有機栽培果樹之潛力;產業劣勢面為木瓜輪點病毒 (PRSV)危害、疫病、兩性株花性型變異影響產量及採收後病害炭疽病等限制。本研究於有機栽培體系採露天無網室栽培,以‘台大八號’及‘台農二號’番木瓜作為試驗材料,調查葉片感染PRSV後產生的病徵等級並評估品種抗病能力;並調查台大八號番木瓜雌株及兩性株生長表現之差異,評估花性型變異及著果表現;又進行人工授粉、自然授粉與花期套袋三種處理,調查雌株及兩性株果實生長表現與果實特性。結果顯示‘台大八號’ 番木瓜葉片PRSV病徵輕微、植株生育狀況良好,而‘台農二號’ 葉片PRSV病徵嚴重,植株不具生產力。番木瓜雌株與兩性株生長表現之差異,結果顯示有機栽培番木瓜雌株著果及花性型表現皆較兩性株穩定,總花朵數兩性株高於雌株,但兩性株落花率高且多呈心皮退化畸形花,雌株正常花比率較兩性株高;2008年1-8月雌株總著果數為64顆顯著多於兩性株38顆,兩性株平均重量為980.5(g)、雌果則為475.6(g),果實糖度為11.2(°brix)兩者無顯著差異,莖粗、植株高度、總葉片數及葉梗長並無顯著差異。番木瓜雌株果因無授粉果重較輕,透過人工授粉處理的果實鮮(乾)重、果實長寬、果肉厚、種子鮮(乾)重均顯著增加,而人工授粉處理對雌株果相較兩性株果則有更顯著增加效應。雌株果及兩性株果果長及圓周長均呈單S型生長曲線。
有機栽培體系台大八號番木瓜較台農二號有更強健抗PRSV能力,植株生長表現及果實生育狀況均優良,台大八號採露天無網室栽培可大幅降低生產成本;因番木瓜兩性株花性型表現易受環境影響而產生變異,雌株花性型表現及著果均較穩定,因有機市場上較不受果型影響,透過人工授粉處理可增加雌果重量與大小,因此推薦雌株可運用在番木瓜有機栽培體系。
番木瓜炭疽病為果實採後儲運重要病害之一,其潛伏感染特性造成防治不易,傳統上於田間進行噴藥並採後利用化學藥劑浸泡,此對生態、環境及健康均有不好影響,應當另尋其他防治方式代替。本試驗從不同木瓜果實分離培養炭疽病菌生長速率與分生孢子型態有差異,顯示出炭疽病的多樣分歧性。在不同果齡接種炭疽病,顯示花後12週(第三果齡)及花後17週(第四果齡)果實,無論離體(in vitro)或樹上(in vivo)均可形成炭疽病,而果齡一至果齡二階段,青果則無法觀察到炭疽病病徵。分生孢子可不經由傷口而感染木瓜果實表皮而產生潛伏感染,而果實創傷會加重炭疽病病徵之嚴重性。本試驗利用套袋防治木瓜炭疽病,以花後50-100天(果齡三)及花後120天(果齡四)的果實逐果套袋,顯示不同果實發育期套袋,以不除袋者及採收前30天除袋者炭疽病病斑面積顯著低於未套袋處理,套袋可有效降低炭疽病發生。不同套袋材質處理可顯著減少炭疽病的發生,以套芒果專用的紙袋與泰維克布套袋對減少炭疽病發生最為顯著,其中套袋防治中以單果套袋效果最佳。因此木瓜果實發育階段透過套袋處理可降低果實受傷,套袋需於雨季來臨前及第二至第三果齡(花後50-100天)進行,並做好田間衛生管理,尤其清除落果、枯枝及落葉之工作應落實,可降低果園病原菌的來源,將有助於防治木瓜炭疽病菌及減少土壤性病原菌之危害。
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dc.description.tableofcontents目 錄
誌 謝…………………………………………………………………… 4
緒 言.有機果樹產業簡介……………………………………………7
中文摘要………………………………………………………………12
英文摘要………………………………………………………………14
第一章.有機栽培番木瓜雌株與兩性株生育表現及葉片輪點病毒病病徵調查…………………………………………………………………16
前人研究………………………………………………………………17
一、影響番木瓜花性型變異之因子
二、果實生長發育變化
三、人工授粉對果實生長發育影響
四、番木瓜輪點病毒病
材料與方法.……………………………………………………………21
一、供試材料
二、試驗方法
(一)有機栽培台大八號番木瓜雌株及兩性株花性型表現及著果數目之差異
(二)有機栽培番木瓜雌株及兩性株生長表現、斷節數目、單位莖截面積果實數目及果實特性之差異
(三)授粉處理對番木瓜雌株與兩性株果實生長曲線、果實特性之差異
(四)有機栽培體系下台大八號與台農二號番木瓜葉片輪點病毒病病徵之調查
三、調查項目及方法
四、統計分析
結果…………………………………………………………………… 23
討論……………………………………………………………………25
參考文獻………………………………………………………………29
圖與表………………………………………………………………… 31
第二章.套袋對番木瓜果實炭疽病之防治效果……………………49
前人研究………………………………………………………………49
一.番木瓜炭疽病
(一).木瓜炭疽病簡介:
(二).環境因子對炭疽病發生之影響
(三).果實不同生育階段對炭疽病之影響
(四).套袋於果樹病害防治之應用
材料與方法……………………………………………………………53
一.試驗材料
二.試驗方法
三.調查項目及方法
四.統計分析
結果……………………………………………………………………54
討論……………………………………………………………………55
參考文獻………………………………………………………………58
圖與表………………………………………………………………… 61
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subject番木瓜zh_TW
dc.subject雌株zh_TW
dc.subject炭疽病zh_TW
dc.subject有機果樹zh_TW
dc.subject有機木瓜zh_TW
dc.subject套袋zh_TW
dc.subjectOrganic fruiten
dc.subjectColletotrichumen
dc.subjectfemaleen
dc.subjectpapayaen
dc.subjectBaggingen
dc.subjectOrganic papayaen
dc.title探討有機栽培番木瓜之可行性zh_TW
dc.titleStudy on feasibility in the organic papaya(Carica papaya L.) farmingen
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear98-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee黃山內,洪挺軒
dc.subject.keyword有機果樹,有機木瓜,番木瓜,雌株,炭疽病,套袋,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordOrganic papaya,Organic fruit,papaya,female,Colletotrichum,Bagging,en
dc.relation.page70
dc.rights.note未授權
dc.date.accepted2010-08-19
dc.contributor.author-college生物資源暨農學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept園藝學研究所zh_TW
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