嵇康倫理思維研究

Abstract

本論文聚焦於嵇康的作品中之倫理思維，以「越名教而任自然」為入手處，透過解析其對名教的批判與對理想世界與君子的建構，帶出其核心關懷：「釋私顯情」之背後深刻的意涵。 並透過與西方倫理學史上諸位哲學家的理論之參照，指出嵇康的倫理思維不僅僅只探討到傳統德行倫理學的脈絡，嵇康在乎的不僅是行為者自身的德行，而更關注倫理場域中「他者」的在場。因此倫理關係應是「我─你」共存、共在、共構的關係。有德的行為者總是向「我」以外的「他者」開放自身，接納他者，故而能達到同情共感，回應他者的呼求。如此的「氣靜神虛」，方為「自然」狀態。故「越名教而任自然」並非打破規範而回歸心境上之自由，而是打破名教「同一性」的束縛，真誠地向他者開顯自身，也因著所有人都共存於「我─你」的倫理關係之中，故道德的規範性亦不曾失去。

This thesis focus on what the Ji-Kang’s ethics thinking. One of his famous slogan “Beyond the Confucian ethical code and let things in the course of nature.” There is no final conclusion about what it really means. So the work of this thesis is try to find out the reasonable and practical explanation of this slogan for contemporary. Use the method of comparative philosophy, let Ji-Kang have conversations with other philosophers like Aristotle, MacIntyre, Darwall, Levinas and Slote, so as to find out the general inspiration to people lives in this time.