應用於無線生醫感測網路之微控制器設計

Abstract

全球人口正在快速的老化，許多國家包括台灣皆已邁入聯合國定義之高齡社會，因此如何有效輔助老人生活將會是未來的重要議題。因為半導體製程技術的進步，使得低成本，體積小，耗電量低的系統單晶片已經成為一個主要的趨勢。本論文實現一應用於生醫上無線感測網路的感測節點，將可以適用於遠端照護的需求。 本論文使用台積電0.35um 2P4M CMOS製程實現一無線生醫感測節點之系統單晶片，其內部電路包含微控制器、OOK接收器、ASK傳送器、儀器放大器、類比數位轉換器、轉阻放大器、類比多工器及電壓調節器。微控制器為一可程式化並相容於標準8051指令集的微控制器，核心部份採用別於以往的真實五級管線化架構來提升整體的效能。 可程式化微控制器資料匯流排為8 bits，位址匯流排12 bits，共可執行111個指令，具備256位元組的資料記憶體與4096位元祖的程式記憶體，兩組計數器，除頻器，兩組具備循環冗餘檢查的通用非同步收發模組，8種中斷源。最高時脈可達40MHz，功率消耗為1.135mA當一般應用於4MHz。晶片面積大小為3167um*3396um。

Owing to the Population ageing in the world, many countries include Taiwan have become an aged society which is defined by United Nations. How to assist senior citizens’ life will become an important topic in the future. Depending on the advancement of semiconductor manufacturing technology, it has become a major trend presently to implement a small, low-cost and lower-power system-on-a-chip. This thesis achieved a kind of sensor applied to biomedicine in Wireless Sensor Network, which could be supplied the demand for distance medical treatment. We used TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS process to achieve a system-on-a-chip used as a sensor node in Wireless Bio-Sensor Network. The chip includes Microcontroller, On/Off Keying receiver, Amplitude-Shift Keying transmitter, Instrument Amplifier, Analog-to-Digital Convertor, Trans-Impedance Amplifier, Analog Multiplexer and Voltage Regulators. The Microcontroller is programmable and compatible with standard 8051 Instruction Set. We use a new and real five-stage pipeline architecture to improve overall system performance. The programmable Microcontroller contains 8-bits data bus and 12 bits address bus, it can execute 111 instructions. It also equips 256 bytes data memory and 4096 bytes program memory, two timers, clock-divider, two Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter with Cyclic Redundancy Checks, 8 types of interrupt. Maximum clock rate of the microcontroller can achieve 40MHz. Power consumption is 1.135mA when the applied rate is 4MHz in general. Total chip area of the SOC is 3167μm*3396μm.