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標題: | 作業環境中化學因子暴露評估資訊的管理 Information Management Relating to Chemical Exposure Assessment in Workplace Environment |
作者: | Yung-How Yao 姚永澔 |
指導教授: | 蔡詩偉 |
關鍵字: | 作業環境測定,化學性職業暴露,暴露評估資訊,職業暴露評估資料庫,半定量化評估表, workplace environmental monitoring,chemical occupational exposure,exposure assessment information,occupational exposure assessment database,semi-quantitative assessment form, |
出版年 : | 2010 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 作業場所的化學暴露因子及暴露風險的複雜與多樣更甚於過去,為管理職業暴露風險,必須累積完整且正確的暴露資料才能做出合理的判斷。但是多數事業單位,特別是中小型企業,並沒有取得完整的暴露評估資料,也欠缺管理這些資料的能力;此外各事業單位因評估目的不同,所以蒐集的資料項目不盡相同,使資料整合不易;為了解決上述問題,本論文針對職業暴露評估所需的資料建置適於中小型事業化學性職業暴露的資料庫及半定量化評量表,協助其蒐集與管理完整的暴露資料。
職業暴露資料庫方面,設計十二大類資料要項提供事業單位作為蒐集資料的標準。規劃工作者與暴露相關因子之間的架構,連結工作者與暴露物質、操作、製程及相關的時空因素,提供統計功能並展示暴露實態。實際在事業單位測試所呈現的主要的問題是操作面,而不是功能的問題。 職業暴露評估半量化評量表的部份,根據作業環境中暴露源、散佈途徑、工作者界面的傳遞概念,設計架構分為五個部份的評量表。在物質、製程、工作者三個界面的暴露概況區分暴露危害潛勢與暴露防護潛勢兩個次分類。在此分類下設計評量題,並依重要程度設計評分系統。 實際在作業環境驗證評量表的信、效度,所得的整體信度以評估者間相關係數測定為0.894,其中暴露危害部分是0.922、防護措施部分得分0.871。效度方面以效標效度對暴露危害的部份進行驗證,以實際個人採樣值作為黃金標準,所得之斯皮爾曼係數為0.800,不過不具統計上的顯著意義。 綜合上述,本研究建置的資料庫,符合事業單位的需求,可引導事業單位蒐集完整且一致的暴露資料,有效掌握暴露實態,若能作為彙整全國事業單位暴露資料的平台,可成為國家勞工職業暴露危害管理決策及研究的有用工具。 在評量表的部份,信度驗證結果顯示作為作業環境定暴露危害特質的觀察工具有良好的穩定度,但是在評量結果與實際採樣值之間的關係仍待進一步的探討。 The exposure factors and exposure risks in the workplace environment are much more complicated than ever before. To manage occupational exposure risks, one needs to collect complete and accurate exposure data. However, many businesses, especially small and medium-sized ones, fail to obtain complete data for exposure assessment. They also lack the ability to manage these data. In addition, the categories of data collected vary greatly since each business has different assessment purpose. This further makes combining and integrating data a challenging work. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present paper aims to set up a chemical occupational exposure database and a semi-quantitative assessment form that can facilitate the collection and management of exposure data when small and medium-sized businesses obtain relevant data for occupational exposure assessment. In terms of occupational exposure database, a total of twelve data elements are designed for businesses to follow when they collect data. The database takes into consideration the relationship between workers and exposure factors, connects workers with exposure materials, operation, process and other relevant temporal-spatio factors, performs statistical functions and displays exposure profiles. During field tests, some operational problems are observed since the users are unfamiliar with the database. As for the occupational assessment semi-quantitative form, five categories are established according to exposure sources, pathway, and worker interface. Two sub-categories, namely potential exposure risk and potential exposure protection, are set up under the elements of material, process and worker. Evaluation items are then designed and score system is planned based on the degree of seriousness. After testing the database and the semi-quantitative form in the workplace environment, the overall reliability of intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) reaches 0.894. The reliability of exposure risk stands at o.922 and that of preventive measures is 0.871. In term of validity, criterion validity is tested. Personal sampling values are used as standard and the spearman rho is 0.800. However, it is statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the database set up by the research proves to be useful to businesses. It can guide businesses to collect complete and consistent exposure data so that they are fully aware of the exposure situation. If used as a platform to combine and integrate exposure data from around the country, the database can become a powerful tool in managing and researching occupational exposure risks in the country. As for the semi-quantitative form, the reliability test shows that it is valuable in observing exposure factors in workplace environment. However, the connection between evaluation results and actual sampling needs further investigation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/22786 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境衛生研究所 |
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