企業重複研發合作對創新績效之影響：合作間隔與跨國合作比例之調和效果

Abstract

全球化競爭時代下，創新成為企業重要的競爭優勢。然而，創新過程的高風險與資本投入，使得企業難以全憑一己之力投入創新研發，因此企業尋求研發合作成為普遍現象。企業的研發合作現象激發廣泛的研究興趣，然而企業重複進行研發合作的行為卻鮮少被關注。因此本研究企圖透過資源基礎觀點與交易成本理論，分析企業進行重複合作對其創新績效的影響，並討論重複合作行為模式—平均合作間隔與跨國合作比例對重複合作強度與其創新績效的調和效果。並透過美國專利資料庫中，78家進行重複研發合作的臺灣與中國企業資料，為本研究提供實證證據。 研究結果顯示，重複合作強度和創新績效呈現倒U關係，即隨著合作強度的增加，企業創新績效也呈正向成長；然而當合作強度超過其最適程度，企業創新績效反而呈負向成長。此外，實證研究亦證實，平均合作間隔與跨國合作比例會負向調和重複合作強度對其創新績效的影響。

Globalization leads keen competitions among firms, and innovation becomes an important competitive advantage for firms to survive. However, due to the high uncertainties and capital investment during the innovative process, firms are less able to do R&D and innovating alone. Therefore, there are more and more firms engaging in R&D cooperation. This phenomenon encourages plenty of related research; however, repeated R&D cooperation has merely been explored. Hence, this study aims to explore the effect of repeated R&D cooperation intensity on innovation performance of the focal firm and the moderating effects of the patterns of repeated R&D cooperation behavior, average cooperation interval and foreign partnership, from perspectives of RBV and TCE. The empirical evidence comes from the data of 78 Taiwanese and Chinese firms from USPTO. The result shows that the relationship between repeated R&D cooperation intensity and innovation performance of the focal firm is inverted U-shape, that is, innovation performance increases initially, and decreases beyond the optimal level of repeated R&D cooperation intensity. Besides, empirical evidence also shows that both average cooperation interval and foreign partnership negatively moderate the relationship between repeated R&D cooperation intensity and innovation performance of the focal firm.