以通用設計與健康住宅的觀點探討銀髮居家空間模組規劃設計之研究

Abstract

台灣於今年四月邁入高齡化國家，在高齡化背景下加上高齡者多傾向「在宅安養」的居住空間模式，人生最後一間房子的設計與研究因此顯得特別重要，本研究通過文獻探討與個案模擬，將通用設計理念與健康建築的觀點適切導入並運用於銀髮居家空間的設計。通用設計理念包括公平且彈性使用、簡單且直觀、無障礙設計等，以減少高齡者在體力上的付擔為主要設計原則；健康建築的觀點中包含考慮室內中的空氣、水、光、舒適度等及各項對應的健康建築策略，建立一個高齡者容易識別、理解、安全、健康且更適居的銀髮居住空間。 本研究從這二個觀點來探討銀髮居家的空間設計整合方案，先從室內設計裝修的角度建立討論範圍與提出現況與議題，再依空間性質區分浴室模組、廚房模組、臥室模組、客餐廳模組，再由各模組中提出空間設計動機、空間設計重點、模組規劃與圖例參考，此外在模組規劃中導入相關健康因子與安全因子。 從健康因子中以空氣、光、水、舒適等四項，探討銀髮空間的健康策略，從安全因子中以天、地、壁、家具探討等四項銀髮空間的安全策略，最後將二策略整合實踐於案例模擬中，建立一個未來銀髮居家策略方案模型，達到提升終身住宅品質的目標。

Taiwan has become an ageing country since April this year. With the high percentage of ageing population and as elderly people tending to adopt an “at-home nursing” life style, the design and research of the last house in life is particularly important. Through literature reviews and case simulations, the concept of universal design and the viewpoint of healthy buildings are appropriately introduced and implemented into the design of a silver hair home space in this study. The concept of universal design includes fair and flexible use, simple and intuitive, and barrier-free design with the goal of reducing the elderly physical burden. The viewpoint of healthy buildings includes consideration of indoor air, water, light, comfort, etc., and the corresponding healthy building strategies to build a silver hair living space which is easy to identify and understand, safe, healthy, and more habitable for the elderly. This study explores the spatial design integration plan of a silver hair home from these two perspectives. The scope of discussion and the issues to be investigated are first established from the viewpoint of interior design decoration. Then, according to the spatial nature, the bathroom module, kitchen module, bedroom module, living room module and dining room module are distinguished. Finally, space design motivation, space design focus, module planning and legend reference are proposed for each module. In addition, the relevant health factor and safety factor are introduced in each module planning. The health strategy of the silver hair space was investigated first from the four aspects of the health factor including air, light, water, and comfort. The safety strategy was then discussed by examining the four elements of the space including the sky, ground, wall, and furniture regarding their safety factor. Finally, the two strategies were integrated and implemented in the case simulations, establishing a future silver home strategy plan model aimed at enhancing the quality of life-long residence.