設計階段與設計思考之腦區反應

Abstract

「設計思考」與「空間解讀」是環境設計重要的過程之一。當設計者在進行「設計思考」時，設計者所使用的腦區為何？其腦神經反應機制是如何運作？本研究以神經科學方式探討景觀設計者設計思考之腦區反應，以期望了解景觀設計者與空間之互動關係。 研究使用功能性磁振造影（functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI）工具測量腦區，參與對象為專業景觀設計師，設計者將進行設計思考不同階段（精煉與發散）及設計不同環境（都市與自然）類型之設計。實驗結果發散設計思考與情景記憶及語意辨識之相關腦區於顳中回、後扣帶皮層、楔前葉，空間視覺相關腦區於顳中回、楔狀核、禽距溝腦、頂葉、楔前葉。精煉設計思考與情景記憶相關腦區於雙側後扣帶皮層。發散與精煉設計思考比較，發散設計與注意力相關腦區於額中回、額下回，認知、語意記憶及整合感官訊息相關腦區於顳中回、額上回，語意及圖示辨識相關的腦區於緣上回、枕下回。然而在不同階段設計都市與自然空間之比較中腦區無發現反應。研究結果為設計思考不同階段可能性認知功能做一說明。

“Design thinking” and “space interpretation” are both important procedures during environmental design. What are brain areas activated by the designers during a design thinking? What kind of reactive sequences are formed in brains? This study will investigate brain reactions from landscape designers’ design thinking through fMRI. We hope to understand the interactions between landscape designers and landscape types. Professional landscape designers will be selected to be subjects, their brain reaction will be collected by fMRI as well as analyzed during processing design works of urban spaces and natural environments. In comparison to different stages of design（divergence and refining）. Divergent brain area has responded to the identification of episodic future thinking and semantic（middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulated and precuneus）, and the visual brain（middle temporal gyrus, cuneus, calcarine, parietal lobe sub-gyral and precuneus）. Refined brain regions have responded of episodic future thinking. In the comparison between divergence and refining, we saw the reaction of the attention neural network brain regions（middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus）, and semantic memory（middle temporal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus）, and semantic, icon recognition brain area（supramarginal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus）. Environmental design of urban and natural space, we didn’t find any reaction. Finally, the study can explain the difference of cognitive function of design thinking.