利用直昇機增加鰹鮪漁獲量之效益分析

Abstract

本研究主要目的是評估採用直升機協助判定漁場的效益，除了文獻整理外，還以國內遠洋漁船公司新造漁船為例，估算遠洋鰹鮪圍網漁業經營成本與利潤，進而比較類似噸級漁船使用直升機在捕獲量之差異。本研究透過回顧鰹鮪大型圍網的歷史，漁法以及漁場現況等，歸納出我國業者面對的困境。透過比較直升機協助作業以及傳統作方式，可以得知有直升機協助可以縮短在探尋魚訊的時間，當然節省漁船油耗。直升機除了協助探尋魚訊外，還可以協助收網，但是直升機有可能因為海上風浪大而產生墜機，人員傷亡的損害更為嚴重。此外，透過實際漁船作業成本上的統計，印證利用直昇機協助捕撈作業確實有其正面意義。除此之外，在禁止使用集魚器（FAD）的期間仍可繼續做作業，而在海洋中採用浮魚法捕撈時、對於魚訊的判斷提供了最佳的視野。雖然運用直升機協助作業存在諸多優點，業者與主管機關仍應重視可能存在的風險，並提供應對措施，以利我國遠洋漁業之永續發展。

The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the benefits of using helicopters to determine the fishing grounds. In addition to reviewing the literature, as an example, new fishing vessel from the domestic deep sea fishing company is also used to estimate the operating costs and profits of the purse seiner fishery. Then proceed to compare catching performance of fishing vessels that are similar in sizes but if using helicopter or not. This thesis summarizes the difficulties faced by fishing companies by reviewing the history of large-scale purse seines, fishing methods and the current situation of fishing grounds. By comparing helicopter assisted operations and traditional methods, it is positive that helicopter assistance can shorten the time for exploring fish and of course save fuel consumption. In addition to assisting in the search for fish, helicopters can also provide assistance during net hauling, but helicopters may crash due to strong winds and waves, and the damage caused by casualties is even more serious. Additionally, from looking at the statistics on the actual fishing vessel operating costs, it is confirmed that the use of helicopters to assist fishing operations does have positive significance. On top of that, helicopter can provide greatest assistance in finding fish during the FAD closure period when only school fishing is allowed. Although there are many advantages in using helicopters to assist fishing operations, the industry and the competent authorities should still pay attention to possible risks and provide countermeasures to facilitate the sustainable development of deep sea fishery.