台灣消費者對糧食浪費與認知態度行為之研究

Abstract

台灣傳統文化習俗中，崇尚珍惜食物不浪費的美德，但隨社會經濟發展，生活便利與食品安全成為民眾飲食生活中的優先考量，傳統「惜食」的美德似乎漸漸不被重視。然而，在時代潮流兼顧「永續發展」與「糧食安全」的需求下，「降低糧食損耗與浪費」議題逐年受到世界各國重視。聯合國的「永續發展目標2030年議程」，明確揭櫫至2030年各國糧食損耗與浪費需減半的明確目標。在FAO、APEC等相關國際組織積極推動下，各國紛紛展開了相關計畫，期能達成降低糧食損耗與浪費的共同目標。 本研究整理各國推動降低糧食損耗與浪費議題的概況，聚焦於消費端，探討各國從對消費者認知、態度與行為的研究中，形成公私部門的各項推動方案，包括透過政府部門編列預算逐年擴大推動、組織各級政府及民間企業合作，推動各項鼓吹消費者改變飲食意識與行動的溝通活動，如餐飲業的「3010運動」、食品業的「交易慣例變革」、「效期標示改革」、「物流慣例檢討」、「需求預測技術提升」、「食品包材創新」、「降低損耗的食譜分享」等提案，有效取得社會大眾的認同與支持，讓降低糧食浪費變成一種各方受益的全體國民運動。 本研究問卷調查顯示，台灣民眾對糧食損耗與浪費議題有高度的認同與實行意願，若能透過溝通，消除民眾對食品安全的疑慮，對於可以降低糧食浪費的相關提案，參與意願相當高。如適度訂餐、包裝食品效期標示合理化、願意優先到有惜食認證的餐廳或零售超市消費等，願意打包餐宴剩菜等。 本研究的結論認為，台灣可參考各國的經驗，以明確立法取得法源，透過對消費者的認知與態度及生活習慣的研究，結合公私部門推動各式持續性的相關活動，針對消費者與企業，鼓動意識、行動與商業習慣的變革，讓降低糧食損耗與浪費議題深入國民日常生活，成為全體國民運動，以達成國際社會設定的共同目標。

In Taiwan's traditional cultural practices, the virtues of cherishing food are not wasted, but with the development of social economy, convenience of life and food safety have become the priority considerations in the people's eating habits. The traditional virtue of 'salvation' seems to be gradually ignored. However, under the trend of the times and the needs of 'sustainable development' and 'food security', the issue of 'reducing food loss and waste' has been paid attention to by countries all over the world. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda clearly sets out the clear goal of halving food losses and waste by 2030. Under the active promotion of relevant international organizations such as FAO and APEC, countries have launched relevant plans to achieve the common goal of reducing food loss and waste. This study organizes the general situation of countries to promote the issue of reducing food loss and waste, focusing on the consumer side, and exploring the various promotion programs of public and private sectors from the study of consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, including through government departments. The budget is expanded year by year to promote and organize cooperation between governments at all levels and private enterprises to promote communication activities that encourage consumers to change their awareness and actions, such as the “3010 Movement” in the food and beverage industry, the “transactional practice change” in the food industry, and “effectiveness”. Proposals such as the reform of the period, the 'review of logistics practices', the 'improvement of demand forecasting technology', the 'innovation of food packaging materials' and the 'reduction of loss-reducing recipes' have effectively gained recognition and support from the public, making food waste reduction a kind of All national movements benefiting from all parties. The survey of this study shows that the Taiwanese people have a high degree of recognition and willingness to implement the issue of food loss and waste. However, due to the lack of sufficient relevant information in daily life, the degree of actual action is not considered in the context of food safety and convenience. high. However, due to the influence of traditional virtues, if communication can be used to eliminate people's doubts about food safety, the willingness to participate in the proposal to reduce the cost of daily life is quite high. Such as moderate ordering, packaging food validity period labeling, willing to give priority to restaurants or retail supermarkets with food certification, willing to pack the leftovers. The conclusion of this study is that Taiwan can refer to the experience of various countries to clarify the law to obtain the source of the law, through the study of consumer perceptions and attitudes and living habits, combined with the public and private sectors to promote various related activities, targeting consumers and Enterprises, instigating the changes in consciousness, action and business habits, let the issue of reducing food waste and waste go deep into the daily life of the people and become the national movement to achieve the common goal set by the international community.