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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳德勛 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Li-Chiung Hung | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 洪麗瓊 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T03:39:13Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2019-07-31 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2019-07-11 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | al Saif, N., & Brazier, J. S. (1996). The distribution of Clostridium difficile in the environment of South Wales. J Med Microbiol, 45:133-137.
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Five spontaneous deaths associated with Clostridium difficile in a colony of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus Oedipus). Lab Anim Sci, 47:472-476. Schneeberg, A., Rupnik, M., Neubauer, H., & Seyboldt, C. (2012). Prevalence and distribution of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes in cats and dogs from animal shelters in Thuringia, Germany. Anaerobe, 18(5):484-488. Schneeberg, A., Neubauer, H., Schmoock, G., Baier, S., Harlizius, J., & Nienhoff, H. (2013). Clostridium difficile Genotypes in Piglet Populations in Germany. J Clin Microbiol, 51(11):3796-3803. Schneeberg, A., Neubauer, H., Schmoock, G., Grossmann, E., & Seyboldt, C. (2013). Presence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype clusters related to 033, 078 and 045 in diarrhoeic calves in Germany. J Med Microbiol, 62(Pt 8):1190-1198. Schwan, C., Stecher, B., Tzivelekidis, T., van Ham, M., Rohde, M., Hardt, W. D., Wehland, J., & Aktories, K. (2009). Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Induces Formation of Microtubule-Based Protrusions and Increases Adherence of Bacteria. PLoS Pathog, 5(10):e1000626. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat. 1000626 Silva, R. O. S., Santos, R. L. R., Sadanã Pires, P. S., Pereira, L. C., Pereira, S. T., Duarte, M. C., de Assis, R. A., & Lobato, F. C.L. (2013). Detection of toxins A/B and isolation of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from dogs inMinas Gerais, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol, 44(1):133-137. Small, J. D. (1968). Fatal enterocolitis in hamsters given lincomycin hydrochloride. Lab Anim Care, 18:411-420. Smith, A. (2005). Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in an English hospital linked to hypertoxin-producing strains in Canada and the US. Eur Surveill, 10:E050630. Songer, J. G. (2010). Clostridia as agents of zoonotic disease. Vet Microbiol, 140:399-404. Songer, J. G., & Anderson, M. A. (2006). Clostridium difficile: an important pathogen of food animals. Anaerobe, 12:1-4. 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Clin Microbiol Rev, 18(2):247-263. Warny, M., Pepin, J., Fang, A., Killgore, G., Thompson, A., Brazier, J., Frost, E., & McDonald, L. C. (2005). Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet, 366:1079-1084. Weber, A., Kroth, P., & Heil, G. (1989). The occurrence of Clostridium difficile in fecal samples of dogs and cats. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B, 36(8):568-576. Weese, J. S., & Armstrong, J. (2008). Outbreak of Clostridium difficile‐Associated Disease in a Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital. J Vet Intern Med, 17(6):813-816. Weese, J. S., Finley, R., Reid-Smith, R. R., Janecko, N., & Rousseau, J. (2010). Evaluation of Clostridium difficile in dogs and the household environment. Epidemiol Infect, 138(8):1100-1104. Weese, J. S., Staempfli, H. R., Prescott, J. F., Kruth, S. A., Greenwood, S. J., & Weese, H. E. (2001). The roles of Clostridium difficile and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in diarrhea in dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 15(4):374-378. Wetterwik, K. J., Trowald-Wigh, G., Fernstrom, L. L., & Krovacek, K. (2013). Clostridium difficile in faeces from healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea. Acta Vet Scand, 55(1):23-27. Wilcox, M. H., Shetty, N., Fawley, W. N., Shemko, M., Coen, P., & Birtles, A. (2012). Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England. Clin Infect Dis, 55:1056-1063. Yaeger, M. J., Kinyon, J. M., & Songer, J. G. (2007). A prospective, case control study evaluating the association between Clostridium difficile toxins in the colon of neonatal swine and gross and microscopic lesions. J Vet Diagn Invest, 19:52-59. Zidaric, V., Zemljic, M., Janezic, S., Kocuvan, A., & Rupnik, M. (2008). High diversity of Clostridium difficile genotypes isolated from a single poultry farm producing replacement laying hens. Anaerobe, 14:325-327. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/21597 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（Clostridium difficile）是一種革蘭氏染色陽性且會形成芽孢的厭氧性桿菌，會引發人類之自限性腹瀉，嚴重感染則可能導致偽膜性大腸炎（pseudomembranous colitis）、毒性巨結腸症（toxic megacolon）等，並可能造成病人的敗血症甚至死亡。雖然困難梭狀芽孢桿菌感染症（C. difficile infection；CDI）傳統上被認為是因醫療干預而導致院內感染的疾病，但近年來各國社區型困難梭狀芽孢桿菌感染症（community-acquired C. difficile infection；CA-CDI）比率有上升的趨勢，且根據研究其中有數種核醣型也同時在牛、豬、馬及犬等動物中被分離出來，以至於被認為困難梭狀芽孢桿菌有人畜共通傳染的可能。由於犬隻是與人類生活最親密的伴侶動物之一，因此，本研究針對彰化縣的家犬與流浪犬隻進行困難梭狀芽孢桿菌採樣並計算其分離率，進一步調查毒力基因型別的分布狀態並使用E試驗法進行藥物感受性試驗，最後以統計學方法分析各因子間的交互關係。2014年1月至5月間共採集435頭犬隻的糞便樣本，經檢測得知困難梭狀芽孢桿菌總分離率為7.13%（31/435），其中家犬的分離率為14.14%（28/198）與流浪犬的分離率1.27%（3/237）具有極顯著相關（p＜0.0001）。困難梭狀芽孢桿菌總毒力基因（tcdA+/tcdB+/cdt-）的分離率為58.06%（18/31），其中17株來自家犬，另1株來自流浪犬；且家犬來源的C. difficile產毒株分離率8.59%（17/198）亦極顯著高於流浪犬的0.42%（1/237）（p＜0.0001）。而糞便型態與困難梭狀芽孢桿菌分離率及毒力之關係、流浪犬隻年齡與困難梭狀芽孢桿菌分離率之關係、不同犬隻族群困難梭狀芽孢桿菌分離株與對抗生素不具感受性之關係，以及困難梭狀芽孢桿菌產毒分離株與對抗生素不具感受性之關係，均不具統計學上之關聯性。在藥物感受性試驗中，所有分離株對於metronidazole及vancomycin這2種抗生素，皆具有感受性；然有25.81%（8/31）的分離株對moxifloxacin不具感受性，該8株皆是由家犬來源的糞便樣本檢出，且其中7株為產毒株，顯示家犬可隨糞便排出具有抗藥性且具毒力的困難梭狀芽孢桿菌芽孢汙染環境。一旦確立了犬隻與人類的人畜共通傳染風險，根據本研究的結果顯示，家犬排出的產毒株困難梭狀芽孢桿菌芽孢可能會對公眾健康構成風險並且可能導致人類CA-CDI疫情的發生。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming Gram-positive bacillus that is able to cause self-limited diarrhea in humans. Serious infection may cause pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon, and may lead to sepsis or even death in patients. Although Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has traditionally been considered as a hospital-associated disease due to medical intervention, the ratio of community-acquired C. difficile infection (CA-CDI) is escalating in recent years. Several ribotypes of C. difficile isolated from animals such as cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs were also collected from human patients; therefore, C. difficile was considered to have a zoonotic potential to human being. Since dogs are the most intimate companion animals with human, this study surveyed the isolation rate of C. difficile from pet dogs and stray dogs in Changhua area, and further carried out the detection of toxin genes, antimicrobial susceptibility tests by E-test, and measured the correlation between various factors. A total of 435 stool samples were collected from January to May 2014, and the total isolation rate of C. difficile was 7.13%（31/435）. The isolation rate of C. difficile in pet dogs and stray dogs were 14.14% (28/198) and 1.27% (3/237), and displaied a statistically significant correlation (p＜0.0001). The total prevalence rate of toxin gene was 58.06% (18/31); the prevalence rate of toxin gene in pet dogs and stray dogs were 60.71% (17/28) and 33.33% (1/3), and displaied a statistically significant correlation (p＜0.0001). Furthermore, there were no significant relationship correlation between fecal forms and isolation rate, fecal forms and toxin genes, ages and isolation rate, canine populations and antimicrobial resistance, toxin genes and antimicrobial resistance. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that all isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. In addition, there were 25.81% (8/31) isolates were not sensitive to moxifloxacin. The 8 isolates were detected from stool samples of pet dogs, and 7 of them were toxigenic strains, indicating that pet dogs have more opportunity to possess toxigenic and drug-resistant C. difficile with spores in stools and contaminate the environment. If the zoonosis risk between dogs and human were established, the findings in this study indicate the pet dogs posing a
risk for the public health and the possibility to cause CA-CDI in human. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T03:39:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R00629034-1.pdf: 1950597 bytes, checksum: 896bd15cba3b3923f00ea53b35ac88fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
誌謝………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ Abstract…………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ 目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 表次………………………………………………………………………………Ⅹ 圖次………………………………………………………………………………XI 附錄………………………………………………………………………………XII 第一章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………1 第一節 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌………………………………………………………1 1.1.1 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌簡介……………………………………………………1 1.1.2 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌的毒力因子……………………………………………3 第二節 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌的流行病學研究……………………………………6 1.2.1 人類流行病學………………………………………………………………6 1.2.2 動物流行病學………………………………………………………………8 1.2.3 犬隻流行病學………………………………………………………………10 1.2.4 人畜共通傳染性的探討……………………………………………………11 第三節 細菌分離技術……………………………………………………………14 第四節 對藥物的感受性…………………………………………………………16 第二章 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………………18 第三章 材料與方法………………………………………………………………20 第一節 樣本收集…………………………………………………………………20 3.1.1 家犬樣本……………………………………………………………………20 3.1.2 流浪犬樣本…………………………………………………………………21 第二節 細菌培養…………………………………………………………………22 3.2.1 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌選擇性培養……………………………………………22 3.2.2 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌之鑑定…………………………………………………22 第三節 分子生物學診斷…………………………………………………………23 3.3.1 破菌取DNA………………………………………………………………23 3.3.2 檢測困難梭狀芽孢桿菌之tpi基因及toxin A、toxin B基因……………23 3.3.3 檢測困難梭狀芽孢桿菌之困難梭狀芽孢桿菌毒素基因 ………………24 3.3.4 膠體電泳反應………………………………………………………………24 第四節 藥物感受性試驗…………………………………………………………25 第五節 統計分析…………………………………………………………………26 第四章 實驗結果…………………………………………………………………27 第一節 微生物分離結果…………………………………………………………27 第二節 分子診斷學結果…………………………………………………………29 第三節 藥物感受性試驗結果……………………………………………………31 第五章 討論………………………………………………………………………33 第一節 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌在犬隻之分離率結果比較…………………………33 第二節 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌在犬隻之毒力基因結果比較………………………37 第三節 藥物感受性試驗結果比較………………………………………………41 第四節 影響困難梭狀芽孢桿菌分離率之因子…………………………………43 5.4.1 樣本收集之對象……………………………………………………………43 5.4.2 檢測方法不一致……………………………………………………………43 第六節 實驗之限制………………………………………………………………45 第六章 總結………………………………………………………………………46 第七章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………48 表格………………………………………………………………………………67 圖片………………………………………………………………………………74 附錄…………………………………………………………………………………81 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 彰化地區犬隻之困難梭狀芽孢桿菌分離率調查 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Isolation Rate of Clostridium difficile in Dogs in Changhua County | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 107-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 周崇熙 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 蔡向榮,張紹光,楊文淵 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 困難梭狀芽孢桿菌,犬,分離率,毒力基因,藥物感受性, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Clostridium difficile,dogs,isolation rate,toxin gene,antimicrobial susceptibility, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 83 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201901380 | |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2019-07-11 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 獸醫專業學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 獸醫學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 獸醫學系 | |
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