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標題: | 脫鉤指標分析與生命週期評估法探討糧食、能源與水鏈結之環境效益研究 Decoupling Indicators and Life Cycle Assessment of the Food, Energy and Water Nexus |
作者: | Ya-Wen Sung 宋雅文 |
指導教授: | 闕蓓德 |
關鍵字: | 糧食永續生產,糧食—能源—水鏈結,生命週期評估,ISO 14046稀缺性水足跡評估,脫鉤指標分析, Sustainable food production,Food-Energy-Water nexus,Life cycle assessment,ISO 14046 water footprint,Decoupling indicator, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著經濟發展、人口不斷上升,使得大量能資源面臨稀缺之問題,而糧食之需求逐年提高,然而,糧食生產亦需消耗大量能資源。根據聯合國糧食及農業組織統計,全球糧食生產所需之能源為全球使用量之30%、淡水資源為全球使用量之70%,而糧食、能源與水係為人類生存之必須,因此,近年大量研究探討此三者間之鏈結關係,其涵蓋範圍廣泛,目前多數研究旨在建立評估架構與模式,以糧食為主之研究則著重於評估及量化單一產品供應鏈中FEW之鏈結關係,而較少探討符合人類需求之多樣化糧食,且在探討FEW之鏈結關係時,主要聚焦在環境方面之議題,而忽略經濟層面之考量,使其於反映人類所需之糧食,並同時考慮環境及經濟面向評估之決策輔助有限。
本研究評估符合臺灣熱量需求75.17%及供給量57.30%之13種糧食供應鏈,以生命週期評估及ISO 14046稀缺性水足跡評估量化其於環境、能源與水之潛在衝擊及FEW之鏈結,並結合脫鉤指標分析,探討環境影響、資源使用與經濟效益之關係,此評估架構同時考量人類糧食需求、環境與能資源衝擊及經濟效益。 結果顯示,於單位生產量下,環境衝擊最大者為雞蛋 (2.5 mPt)、雞肉 (2.25 mPt) 及豬肉 (1.9 mPt),資源衝擊最大者為雞蛋 (0.16 mPt)、雞肉 (0.15 mPt) 及黃豆 (0.13 mPt),碳足跡最大者為雞肉 (6.47 kg CO2 eq)、大豆油 (6.43 kg CO2 eq) 及雞蛋 (5.58 kg CO2 eq),稀缺性水足跡最大者為雞肉 (28.45 m3)、大豆油 (20.17 m3) 及魚類 (18.54 m3);而脫鉤指標分析結果顯示,2010年至2015年臺灣之糧食生產皆有相對脫鉤,而2009年及2016年則無脫鉤現象,環境影響熱點為豬肉、雞肉及雞蛋之生產,淡水資源使用熱點為雞肉、魚類、豬肉及白米。透過本研究之評估分析結果,得以顯現糧食生產之FEW鏈結關係及其與經濟效益間之關係,並得知各衝擊之熱點,進而輔助糧食永續生產決策之制定。 With booming economy and rising population, many resources are facing the problem of scarcity, and the demand of food increase year by year. Yet food production also consumes a lot of energy and has many impacts on human health, climate change, ecosystem quality and resources. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global food production cost 30% of energy consumption and 70% of freshwater usage in the world. Because food, energy and water are essential for human, many researches about the nexus of these three things were wildly conducted in the recent years. However, most of the researches are mainly about building the evaluation of structure and pattern. And the researches based on food production are mostly focus on the evaluation and quantification of the FEW nexus of a single product supply chain. Only few researches discussed the diversification of food which suit the human requirement. Furthermore, the discussions of the FEW nexus are mainly focus on environment issues and neglect the influence of economy. As a result, these researches will only have limit assist for the decision making. The evaluation of this study meets the calorie demand (75.17%) and supply (57.30%) of the 13 food production supply chains in Taiwan. By using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and ISO 14046 Water Scaarcity Footprint evaluation, this study is able to quantify the potential impact to the environment, energy and water, and the relationship of FEW. Also, this study combines the Decoupling Indicator to discuss the relationship between the environment influence, resource usage and economic benefit. The results showed that the main contribution of environmental impact (per functional unit) are eggs (2.5 mPt), chicken (2.25 mPt) and pork (1.9 mPt). The main contribution of resources impact are eggs (0.16 mPt), chicken (0.15 mPt) and soybean (0.13 mPt). The main contribution of carbon footprint are chicken (6.47 kg CO2 eq), soybean oil (6.43 kg CO2 eq) and eggs (5.58 kg CO2 eq). The main contribution of water scarcity are chicken (28.45 m3), soybean oil (20.17 m3) and fish (18.54 m3). And the results of Decoupling Indicator analysis show that the food production of Taiwan from 2010 to 2015 are all relatively decoupling. In contrast, the food production of Taiwan in 2008, 2009 and 2016 is coupling. The hotspots of environmental impact are the production of pork, chicken and eggs. The hotspots of freshwater usage are chicken, fish, pork and rice. In conclusion, the analysis of this study shows the FEW nexus of food production, the relationship between FEW and economic benefit, and the hotspots of each impacts. These results will further help the decision making of sustainable food production. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/21334 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201903296 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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