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標題: | 警察使用人臉辨識系統查證身分的合法性研究—以M-Police即時相片比對功能為中心 The Legality of Police Administration Using AFR Identifying People: Focusing on M-Police Facial Recognition System |
作者: | Chia-Chia Kan 甘佳加 |
指導教授: | 李建良(Chien-Liang Lee) |
關鍵字: | 人臉辨識系統,隱私權,法律保留,當事人同意,警察職權行使法,個人資料保護,目的拘束原則,機關間資料共用, Automatic Facial Recognition system,privacy,consent,Legal Retention Principle,Police Power Exercise Act,personal data protection,the principle of purpose-specification,data sharing between sectors, |
出版年 : | 2021 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 由於科技不斷技進步,人臉辨識技術發展亦日趨成熟。現今,不論於公領域或是私領域,人臉辨識系統均被廣泛地運用,人臉辨識系統帶來生活上便利的同時亦對隱私權的保護造成衝擊。而自2012年起,我國警政署啟用M-Police人臉辨識系統(正式名稱為:即時相片比對功能)並應用於相關勤務之執行上。本文聚焦於警政署針對人臉辨識系統的應用,具體而言,於警察行政危害防止層面上的應用,探討警察於執行危害防止任務時,使用人臉辨識系統查證民眾身分的合法性。職是之故,本文首先將說明使用人臉辨識系統查證身分對於基本權所造成的影響及憲法第23條關於限制基本權之要件。由於目前警察使用該系統係以取得當事人同意為前提,探討該同意與法律保留原則間的關係。最後是關於警察職權行使法上的分析,究竟該法得否支撐警察使用此系統查證民眾身分。 除此之外,為有效使用人臉辨識系統進行身分識別,人臉資料庫的建立不可或缺。警政署所開發使用的M-Police人臉辨識系統背後亦建有龐大的資料庫,其中最具爭議者,在於使用內政部戶政司國民身分證相片資料庫之資料作為人臉資料庫之建檔基礎。此舉屬於機關間資料共享(流通)之情形,涉及諸多法律上爭議,例如:個資法及警職法上有關資料蒐集及利用規定的適用順序及個資法第16條但書第2款「增進公共利益」的解釋等,本文亦將著重於此進行分析。將警政署使用內政部戶政司國民身分證相片資料建置人臉資料庫之行為,分為戶政機關傳遞相片資料、警政署取得相片資料及使用該資料建置人臉資料庫此三個行為,並分別探討所涉的法律爭議。 Since technology improved so fast, Automatic Facial Recognition (AFR) system has become more and more mature. Nowadays, AFR is commonly used not only in public sector but also in private. Undoubtedly, AFR brings convenience, however, it also raises great privacy issue as well. In 2012, National Police Agency started to apply their own AFR system, the so-called M-Police Facial Recognition system, to several services. This thesis will focus on analyzing the legality of police administration using M-Police facial recognition system identifying people. To be more specific, focus on the legality of the use of the system in terms of preventing hazards. The analysis will start with the impact it brought to the rights protected under the Constitution. According to Article 23 of the Constitution, all the freedoms and rights enumerated in the preceding Articles shall not be restricted by law except by such as may be necessary to prevent infringement upon the freedoms of other persons, to avert an imminent crisis, to maintain social order or to advance public welfare. Therefore, the thesis would first discuss whether the law is needed if police officers use AFR under the consent of the person. Analyze the relationship between consent and Legal Retention Principle and then discuss whether Police Power Exercise Act is enough to support the use of M-Police Automatic Facial Recognition system. Nevertheless, in order to use AFR system properly, face database is necessary. In order to make the best use of M-Police facial recognition system, National Police Agency built the face database not only from their own database but also from National ID Card Photo Database kept in the Department of Household Registration, Ministry of The Interior. Such incorporation was the most controversial. It would raise serious personal data protection issue when the data was transformed from one agency to another. Yet the thesis would also analyze the legal problem involved in such behavior under Personal Data Protection Act. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/21243 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202100226 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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