臺灣民眾對全球化的態度變遷～2010-2014年二波調查的分析

Abstract

全球化已加劇跨國界間人力、貿易與文化的流動。隨著與日俱增的交流與整合，亦激發了顧慮並產生衝突，而臺灣亦參與其中。本論文旨在討論臺灣民眾對全球化的態度，使用「亞洲民主動態調查臺灣地區調查研究計畫」在2010年及2014年所進行的二波調查為資料，試圖分析臺灣民眾對全球化的看法。研究結果顯示，年齡、教育程度、家庭收入、族群、社會階層、政治關注、政黨認同、統獨抉擇與民主價值取向等變數，會影響臺灣人民如何看待全球化。本文發現臺灣民眾對全球化的態度似可分為兩個面向討論。首先，民眾本身的經歷導致對全球化看法分歧。舉例而言，在全球競爭下的受益者對全球化抱持樂觀的態度；另一方面，全球競爭下的輸家則傾向反對全球化。除此之外，本文發現臺灣民眾在評價全球化時，似將對中國的態度納入考量。換言之，中國因素似亦左右臺灣民眾如何看待全球化。

Globalization has increased and deepened the flows of people, trade and culture across national borders. With more interaction and integration, it has not only caused concerns but has also created conflicts. Taiwan has been uniquely involved in Globalization. The aim of this study is to discuss the public attitudes toward Globalization in Taiwan. We used data from the project “Asian Barometer Survey in Taiwan” which was conducted in 2010 and 2014 to illustrate the different reactions toward Globalization. The results show that age, education level, household income, ethnic group, social class, political awareness, position on Unification/ Independence and democratic value could affect how Taiwanese perceive Globalization.We found that public attitudes towards Globalization in Taiwan might have two dimensions. First of all, people have diverging reactions depending on their perceptions and experiences. Those who benefited from global competition were more likely to have positive attitudes toward Globalization. On the other hand, those who suffered from global competition could tend to be against it. In addition, the perceived influence of China over Taiwan might also affect how Taiwanese view the cost and benefits of Globalization. In other words, the China factor also plays a role in public attitude of Globalization.