企業成長與轉型策略探討——以台達電子為例

Abstract

全球電源供應器產業隨個人電腦與資訊產業在1980年代起快速成長，台灣因低廉的勞動成本及政府政策推廣，成為電子代工裝配大國，1990年代成為全球電源供應器最大生產國，台達電即為當時台灣主要廠商之一。隨著資訊家電與通訊設備等高功率終端產品的快速發展，電源供應器亦逐漸朝技術層次較高之領域發展，1971年即成立之台達電子工業為領先廠商，自2002年至今皆為全球電源供應器市佔率第一之大廠。 隨著節能觀念普及、個人電腦出貨量成長趨緩，台達電基於公司核心價值與能力，以電源供應器之穩定獲利，支應其投入新事業營運，並隨著物聯網（Internet of Things）與大數據（Big Data）觀念的普及化，逐漸轉型為提供解決方案廠商，並成立工業品牌，以工業自動化為近年發展重要方向，2015年營收達新台幣2,035億元，稅後淨利率為9.8%。 本文以個案研究法探究台達電自成立以來之三階段事業發展及轉型軌跡，以競爭優勢角度，根據五力分析、企業核心能耐理論及策略活動系統，探討其電源供應器本業如何成為全球龍頭，另以企業核心能耐觀點及Porter之成長策略，分析台達電之多角化成長策略，探究集團為何可擁有較同業更高之獲利能力。

With the development of personal computer and information technology industry in 1980s, the global power supply industry growth rapidly. Taiwan became the important manufacturing base of electronic assembly due to the low labor costs and supportive policy of the government. During the 1990s, Taiwan had the largest worldwide production of power supplies, and Delta Electronics, Inc. has been the market leader since 2002. Owing to the growing awareness of eco-friendly and power-saving, as well as the slowing shipment of personal computer, Delta leveraged its capabilities and steady profits from power supply units to invest in the new industries which were aligned with its value proposition. With the emerging trends of Internet of Things and Big Data which were applied in smart manufacturing, Delta transformed itself to provide total solution services and began its industrial brand promotion. Delta focused on industrial automation as its key development business, and its sales revenue reached NTD 203.5 billion in 2015 with 9.8% profit rate. This study analyzes the growth and transformation strategy of Delta throught its three different phases by case study method. This research intepretes how Delta become the largest power supplies vendor according to the Five Forces of Competition Framwork, Core Competences, and Strategic Activity System. Hence, base on the view of core competences and Porter’s Corporate Strategy, this study analyzes Delta’s diversification and growth strategy to discuss how Delta has better profit margin than its competitors.