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標題: | 應用於光電能源截取之電源管理單元 Power Management Unit for Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting |
作者: | Lee Chuang 莊櫟 |
指導教授: | 呂學士 |
共同指導教授: | 林致廷 |
關鍵字: | 光能截取,電源管理單元,單電感雙輸出之直流轉直流升壓轉換器,前饋控制,啟動機制,線性穩壓器,降壓轉換器,能隙參考,低功耗, Photovoltaic energy harvesting,power management unit,SIDO DCDC boost converter,feedforward control,start-up mechanism,LDO,buck converter,bandgap reference,low power, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本篇論文提出一個針對光電能源截取,及電池的電源管理系統單元,此系統包括改進前人設計之低功耗單電感雙輸出之直流轉直流升壓轉換器將太陽能電池輸出0.5V升壓至3.7V供給鋰電池。此電路在量測上可達到74%的轉換效率、同時搭配一恆壓最高效率點追蹤電路(MPPT)來獲取最多之光能源,此最高效率點的追蹤效率達到99%。除此之外,此篇論文也提出一低功耗定倒通時間漣波控制切換式直流轉直流降壓轉換器將鋰電池的3.7V降壓至2.1V以供給後端電路,其效果主要在後端電路抽載時能提供穩定電壓並同時藉由DCM/CCM轉換來達到PWM/PFM轉換並藉以提升輕載時的轉換效率,此電路在量測上最高效率達到95%。最後一個低壓差穩壓器搭配增益提升誤差放大器將電壓降至1.8伏特。上述這些電路架構,能夠將鋰電池充電至4.2伏特,並且同時提供一穩定的1.8伏特電壓源供訊號處理電路使用。結合這些電路設計,一個應用於光電能源截取之電源管理單元即可完成。
另一方面,為提供此電源管理單元一個穩定的參考電壓,此篇論文也提出了一個參考電路。其中提出的參考電流和正比絕對溫度電壓產生器,能夠偕同產生一個不受溫度、電源電壓、製程所影響的參考電壓。 此晶片是以聯華電子公司零點一八微米互補式金氧半製來實現,操作電壓為1.8伏特至4.2伏特,切換頻率為100 KHz,而其他更為詳細的設計技術以及量測方式則詳見本篇論文。 A solar-powered on-chip power management unit system was proposed for a wireless sensor node system. An on-chip low power single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) DC-DC boost converter was proposed for battery and photovoltaic energy harvesters, which can boost 0.5V PV cell to 3.7V Li-on battery. The proposed feed-forward control regulates the duty cycle (TON/TOFF) accurately without any compensation, and the start-up mechanism could shorten the start-up time under 100 milliseconds. Furthermore, the pseudo continuous conduction mode and the automatic body selector were also applied to this converter. And a constant voltage algorithm was implemented as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. With this MPPT control, the voltage of solar cell can keep in 80% of its open voltage (MPP), and its tracking efficiency is higher than 99%. The measurement result of the boost could achieve an efficiency of 74% and a start-up time of 30 ms. In addition, a rippled-based constant on-time control DC-DC buck converter is also proposed for this power management system unit to buck voltage from 4.2V to 2.1V, it also can have extremely fast load transient response characteristics. By applying the ripple-based control, the output voltage is regulated by directly sensing the output voltage ripple which is positive correlation with the load current, and no compensation circuit nor current-feedback-loop is needed. Hence, the output voltage can be regulated with extremely fast load transient response while with few component amount and small board area, on the other hand, light load efficiency can be improved by adjusting CCM/DCM mode. And a low dropout regulator with gain boosting error amplifier were also proposed. These building blocks could provide a supply voltage of 1.8V for some signal processing circuits and charge the Li-ion battery to 4.2V. As a result, a power management unit for photovoltaic energy harvesting was presented. Besides, a bandgap reference was proposed to provide a robust voltage reference to PMU. The proposed proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) generator and the current reference could generates a reference voltage, which is independent of the temperature, power supply, and process technology and its power consumption is simply 206 nW. The chip is implemented by UMC 1P6M 0.18μm process technology. The range of the operation voltage is from 1.8V to 4.2V, and switching frequency is 100 KHz. The other detailed techniques and measurements was included in this thesis, too. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/20560 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201702883 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 電子工程學研究所 |
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ntu-106-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 4.78 MB | Adobe PDF |
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