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標題: | 營建施工架無線監測系統監測點位之研究—利用結構分析方法 Research on Monitoring Points of Wireless Monitoring System for Scaffold: Using Structural Analysis Method |
作者: | Guan-Yi Lee 李冠儀 |
指導教授: | 曾惠斌(Hui-Ping Tserng) |
關鍵字: | 施工架結構分析,無線感測網路,微機電系統,Arduino,陀螺儀, structural analysis of scaffold,WSN,MEMS,Arduino,gyroscope, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 施工架為營造業最廣泛使用的臨時結構物,不管是在興建過程或是結構體使用與維護階段,都需要透過搭設施工架來方便施作人員進行施工或是支撐結構物。雖有專業人員進行結構檢核,但因憑藉著工人的經驗組立加上施工架數量眾多等原因,導致安全及品質管理不易,使得施工架災害頻傳。
為了保護施工架現場的人員,本研究目的將無線感測網路導入營建業中,建立一套即時多項目預警系統及設備,應用於預防施工架災害上,為鼓勵業主及施工方更願意採用此開發系統,藉由結構分析來提供建議之監測預警系統之監測項目、安裝點位置及監測值,以期減少監測佈點數量,降低所需之安衛成本費用,並於監測到施工架結構可能發生危險後,通報相關工程人員進行檢修或是汰換,確保施工架穩定的效用。 施工架系統之破壞模式主要控制為底部單支鋼管立柱之挫屈破壞,最先發生挫屈破壞之立柱位於底層中央的位置,並建議將該立柱作為重點觀察之監測點位,量測其立柱頂之位移以及立柱底之轉動角。 考量營造工程施工中可能遭遇到的環境條件,於無線感測節點開發陀螺儀來監測破壞行為,由於運動獨立性,不受橫向及縱向碰撞之影響,亦可屏除安裝不便、光源不足、敏銳度不足以及改善單維度的量測限制,並可針對各軸向之動態進行獨立監測。將感測器讀取之數值經由卡爾曼濾波演算,經過每次的迴歸讓估計值離動態系統狀態更接近,於讀取數值上得到相當不錯的成果,可大幅降低因設備內部誤差造成角度之累積,而有誤判之現象。 In construction projects, scaffolds are the most commonly used equipment. However, the scaffolds are assembled and installed by worker’s experience. Besides, the quantity of scaffold is numerous in the construction site. Since it is difficult to maintain the quality of scaffold and replace the defect scaffold on time, scaffold disaster frequently happens every year. In order to protect the personnel and workers in construction site, this thesis aims to introduce the WSN technology to construction industry, and develop a real time early-alarming system with multiple sensors that is applied to prevent from scaffold disasters. To encourage the owner and the constructor to adopt the developed system, the research aims to lower the quantity of points for monitoring, then to reduce the safety and health cost. In case the monitoring system measures the scaffold structure danger, the system would notice the related construction personnel and workers to undergo a thorough overhaul and replace the materials in order to ensure the stability of scaffold. The main controlling failure mode of scaffold system happens to the single steel tube at the first story caused by buckling failure. The most beginning, the failure happens at the position of middle steel column at the bottom story. The research recommends that the column should be the important point to monitor by measuring its lateral displacement on the top of the column and the angle of rotation on the bottom of the column. Considering the possible environmental factors in construction site, the research adopts gyroscope as sensor at the end device of wireless sensor network to monitor the failure behavior. For the independency of motion, the sensor would not be influenced by the horizontal and vertical impact. In addition, it can also improve the installation inconvenience, lack of light, lack of sensibility, and limited defect in single dimension measurement. And it can monitor the dynamic motion by each axis independently. The value read by the sensor will be calculated by the Kalman filter. After each regression, the estimated value is much closer to the dynamic state and the result can greatly reduce the accumulated angle caused by the internal error of the device and misjudged the phenomenon. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/20496 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201701875 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
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