臺灣紫芝萃取物抑制前列腺癌細胞增殖之活性評估

Abstract

本研究透過醱酵的方式來生產臺灣特有種靈芝，臺灣紫芝 (Ganoderma formosanum) 的菌絲體，並先以水以及酒精兩種溶劑對菌絲體進行萃取，並測試其萃取物對於前列腺癌細胞的細胞毒性。結果顯示，臺灣紫芝菌絲體酒精萃取物 (Ganoderma formosanum ethanolic extract, GF-E) 能夠展現出比水萃取物 (Ganoderma formosanum aquatic extract, GF-A) 更為有效的抑制作用，進一步以四個不同極性的有機溶劑將GF-E以液相分配 (liquid-liquid partition) 的方式進行進一步的純化，結果顯示GF-E在以己烷 (GF-E hexane partitioned fraction, GF-EH) 以及丁醇 (GF-E butanol partitioned fraction,GF-EB) 進行純化後得到的萃取層GF-EH以及GF-EB對於癌細胞增生的抑制效果最佳。接著以即時聚合酶連鎖反應、西方墨點法以及流式細胞儀進行分析後發現，GF-EH能抑制前列腺癌細胞DU145的細胞週期，使其停滯在G1期；GF-EB則能誘導DU145，發生細胞凋亡，分別透過兩種不同的機制來抑制前列腺癌細胞的增生。結果顯示臺灣紫芝菌絲體的萃取物，具應用在治療前列腺癌的潛力。

In this study, fermentation was employed to produce Ganoderma formosanum mycelia. Ganoderma formosanum is an endemic Ganoderma species of Taiwan. Then bioactive metabolites with anti-proliferation effect on prostate cancer cells in mycelia was isolated through extraction and tested the cytotoxic of the extracts. Results demonstrated that extracts from G. formosanum ethanolic extract(GF-E) exhibited superior cytotoxicity to cancer cells compared with aquatic extract(GF-H). After further purification, the results showed that hexane faction(GF-EH) and butanol fraction(GF-EB) exerted a significant cytotoxicity on DU145 cells. Furthermore, it was found that these fractions may exert anti-proliferation on prostate cancer cells via inhibiting cell cycle process, GF-EH arrested cells in G1 phase. On the other hand, GF-EB upregulated Caspase-3 responsible for apoptosis, leading to cell apoptosis. The present study indicated that the mycelia extracts of G. formosanum exerted anti-proliferation effect on prostate cancer cells, suggesting G. formosanum is a potential candidate to treat prostate cancer.