BIM與GIS集成的三維數位城市建築物模型的建立

Abstract

隨著物聯網（Internet of Things, 簡稱IoT）、大數據等技術的發展，建設智慧城市、數位城市成為了一個熱門話題，數位城市的設計與建模也得到了很好的發展。智慧城市的發展對於城市精細化管理的要求更高，數位城市的模型也因此需要室內室外、地上地下都能呈現表達。目前已有的城市大規模三維模型只能實現外觀上的逼真性，室內的資訊相比室外而言非常匱乏，且模型中沒有工程上的屬性值，無法從中獲得施工、管理、維護的相關資訊，難以滿足智慧城市應用的需求。近年來，建築資訊塑模（Building Information Modeling, 簡稱BIM）發展迅猛，BIM模型建模精細，元件通過參數化進行描述，工程屬性資訊豐富，對傳統建模方法中難以涉及到的室內模型的呈現非常精準，可以作為三維數位城市模型中建築物模型的數據源。 本文結合BIM的細節優勢和地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System, 簡稱GIS）的宏觀優勢，在研究了工業基礎分類（Industry Foundation Classes, 簡稱IFC）和地理標記語言（City Geography Markup Language, 簡稱CityGML）兩種標準格式的基礎上，探尋了兩者在表達建築物元件時的對應關係，並從BIM模型中獲取IFC文件、屬性資訊明細表，通過特徵操作引擎（Feature Manipulation Engine, 簡稱FME，用於格式轉換的商業軟體）將建築物模型的IFC文件經過幾何資訊、非幾何屬性資訊以及坐標方位的轉換至CityGML格式，在三維GIS平台中與城市地圖整合呈現。 本文希望通過提供IFC至CityGML格式轉換方法的接口，為智慧城市中的建築物管理應用提供BIM與GIS集成的建築物模型。

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), big data and other technologies, the construction of smart cities and digital cities has become a hot research topic. Relating to this topic, the design and modeling of digital cities have been well developed in the last years. The development of smart cities requires more detailed management of cities, so 3D city models need to possess information for the space of indoor, outdoor, ground and underground. The 3D environment of cities is very complex, and the current mapping methods make obtaining the engineering properties from the 3D environment difficult. This makes the current 3D environment of the cities not be able to meet the requirements of a smart city. In the recent years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology developed rapidly, providing a high degree of fine, parametric elements and rich semantic information. BIM allows obtaining an accurate indoor model that can be utilized as an essential data source for 3D digital city model. This paper integrates BIM and Geographic Information System (GIS) to take advantage of the detailed features of BIM model and the macro information of the GIS. On the theoretical basis of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML), this paper explores the correspondence between them regarding building elements. According to the different description of IFC and CityGML to the building elements, firstly, filtering is used to make BIM model more concise. After filtering, the IFC file and parameter sheets are exported from BIM model. Then by using Feature Manipulation Engine (FME, a commercial software for format conversion), the geometric information of IFC building model is reorganized to the CityGML format, and the semantic information is mapped to the corresponding elements. At the same time, the project base point and the coordinate system are decided. The final CityGML building model is then integrated with a city map in the 3D GIS platform. This paper provides the method of building’s format conversion from IFC to CityGML. Based on that, this research proposes the application for management of buildings in a smart city with the integration of BIM and GIS.