以線性規劃模式探討晶圓代工產業於兩岸產能佈置策略之個案分析

Abstract

隨著科技的蓬勃發展，讓全球晶圓用量日益攀升，資策會產業情報研究所（MIC）表示，台灣半導體產業方面，預期2015年台灣半導體產業產值將達22,136億元新台幣。從企業競爭的角度來看，台積電利用產能及先進製程技術所同時形成低成本優勢與差異化優勢，而穩居晶圓代工龍頭位置。在晶圓代工產業產值不斷提升的現代，如何能夠在提升產能同時降低成本，將使得產能佈局策略成為一項重要的議題。本文在 確認研究主題後，首先進行產能佈置、線性規劃模式、晶圓代工等文獻的回顧，隨後模擬一訂單穩定且持續成長的晶圓代工公司，提出欲進行產能佈置的問題與限制式，以線性規劃的方式串連詳盡的產能佈局相關指標，透過Excel的規劃求解功能來進行分析。分析結果明確指出在考量產能需求、機器設備、土地、廠房投資條件、生產製造成本、人力需求計劃等因素後的佈置方案，此外，尚提出先進製程產品的產能緩衝、成熟製程的產能緩衝、先進製程與成熟製程的產能需求、兩岸管理幹部與工程師 的比例，以及兩岸總員工數量的限制將影響著總成本的最小化結果，為需要嚴加管控的影響因子。

The amount of escalating global wafer caused by the rapid development of technology, Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute(MIC) said that Taiwan's semiconductor industry, is expected in 2015 the output value will reach NT$ 22,136 billion. From the corporated competition perspective, TSMC on the strength of production capacity and advanced process technology while forming a low-cost advantage and differentiation advantages, while retaining its leading foundry position. The capacity allocation strategy has become an important issue, in the strong demand of foundry industry, how we can improve productivity while reducing costs. After the research topic confirmation, first review the capacity arrangement, linear programming model, foundry and other documents, and then simulate the capacity allocation problem for a stable and continued growth of foundry company by using linear programming model; considering of related indicators, through Excel for analysis. The results clearly indicated the allocation proposal after considering of the capacity demand, tools, land, buildings, facilities, production costs, labor demand and other factors. In addition, the results also indicated that it is necessary to strictly control for the following items which will affect the results of minimizing the total cost, including the capacities buffer of both advanced process and mature process, the demands of advanced process and mature process, the ratio of management level and engineers level, and the total number of employees.