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標題: | 施用水楊酸對番茄果實活性氧清除能力與抑制尻腐病之影響 Effect of Application of Salicylic Acid on Reactive Oxygen Scavenging Capacities to Depress Blossom-end Rot in Tomato Fruit |
作者: | Yen-Cheng Lin 林彥丞 |
指導教授: | 林淑怡(Shu-I Lin) |
關鍵字: | 生理障礙,氧化壓力,抗氧化物質,植物賀爾蒙,尻腐病, physiological disorder,oxidative stress,antioxidant,plant hormone,blossom-end rot, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 番茄尻腐病 (blossom-end rot) 是一種會造成嚴重經濟損失的生理障礙(physiological disorder),其發生率與嚴重程度隨氣候變遷有增加的趨勢。儘管尻腐病對番茄生產的重要性,且已有眾多相關探討,此生理障礙的發生機制仍有很多未明之處,使得預防尻腐病的發生非常困難。長期以來,尻腐病被認為是缺鈣所導致。然而鈣與尻腐病發生的關聯性正被質疑,一些研究人員指出鈣可能並非是直接造成尻腐病的原因,或其他因子與鈣共同決定尻腐病的發生。前人研究指出,當番茄種植於非生物逆境 (abiotic stress) 環境下,果實在尻腐病發生前會有較高的氧化壓力 (oxidative stress);不同番茄品種的果實抗氧化能力也被發現與尻腐病敏感度呈關聯性。水楊酸 (salicylic acid) 是一種酚類植物賀爾蒙,在植物抗生物與非生物性逆境的機制中扮演重要角色,外施水楊酸已被證實可增強不同植物種類對各種逆境的抗性。水楊酸透過提高植株抗氧化相關酵素活性與活性氧 (reactive oxygen species) 清除能力來降低其氧化壓力。因此,我們假設透過外施水楊酸來增強果實活性氧清除能力,將可抑制番茄尻腐病的發生。在此研究中,我們比較番茄在正常與鹽逆境下,水楊酸施用與否對氧化壓力與尻腐病發生率的影響。在鹽逆境下,外施0.1 mM水楊酸可減少介質耕栽培的大果品種‘金剛2號’尻腐病發生率;同樣鹽逆境下,外施0.01 mM水楊酸可減少湛液式 (deep flow technique, DFT) 水耕栽培的大果品種 ‘Reyioh’尻腐病發生率。外施水楊酸可增加果實中總抗壞血酸 (total ascorbate) 含量,降低過氧化氫累積與鈉吸收,並在較低的果實鈣離子濃度下降低尻腐病發生率,顯示活性氧清除能力與鈣共同決定尻腐病發生的門檻。然而,在養液薄膜技術 (nutrient film technique, NFT) 水耕栽培中,嚴重的鹽逆境與不穩定的根溫導致外施水楊酸與氯化鈣都無法降低尻腐病發生率。總結來說,外施水楊酸可透過增加果實活性氧清除能力作為一種控制尻腐病的方法,但效果只限於較輕微程度的鹽逆境下有效。 Tomato blossom-end rot (BER) is a physiological disorder causing severe economic losses in tomato crops. Its occurrence is usually unpredictable and the severity and incidence become more severe as climate change continues. Despite its economic importance and the large collection of studies concerning its onset, BER occurrence is still poorly understood, making its prediction and prevention very difficult. BER was considered to be a calcium (Ca)-related disorder for a long time. However, a relationship between Ca2+ deficiency and the occurrence of BER is questioned. Some author proposed that Ca deficiency might not directly cause BER or other factor co-work with Ca and contribute to BER occurrence. Previous studies show that tomato grown under abiotic stress conditions, higher oxidative stress was observed in fruit before BER occurrence; antioxidant capacity in tomato fruit was found to relate to its susceptibility to BER incidence. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic plant hormone that plays an important role in the induction of biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Exogenous SA has been shown to increase plant tolerance in different species and stress conditions. The mechanism of it is by alleviating oxidative stress through enhancing activity of antioxidant enzyme and capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we hypothesized that by increasing ROS-scavenging capacity through exogenous SA, BER development in tomato fruit would be inhibited. In this study, we tried to explain the correlation between oxidative stress and BER incidence by comparing ROS-scavenging capacity in control and salinity, exogenous SA or not. Under salinity in substrate cultivation, exogenous 0.1 mM SA could reduce BER incidence of tomato cultivar ‘King Kong 2’. In DFT system under salinity, exogenous 0.01 mM SA could reduce BER incidence of tomato cultivar ‘Reyioh’. Exogenous SA could alleviate oxidative stress in tomato fruit by increasing total ascorbic acid and decreasing H2O2, reduce sodium uptake, and prevent BER development even with lower calcium content in fruit, elucidating that ROS scavenging capacity co-work with Ca and contribute to BER occurrence. However, in NFT system, severe salinity caused all SA treatments and calcium treatment less effective on decreasing BER incidence. In conclusion, we hypothesized that SA could be a potential tool to control BER by increasing fruit ROS-scavenging capacity. However, this effect was only effective under moderate abiotic stress and moderate BER incidence. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/19676 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003536 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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