兩岸簽署環境保護合作協議之研究

Abstract

早期兩岸在環保議題的合作多以學術交流為主，隨2008 年兩岸恢復制度化協商，2013 年6 月，兩岸兩會第九次高層會談，雙方同意就環保議題，推動主管機關之間的交流。 為探討兩岸環境保護合作協議所涉及的各項問題，本研究以文獻分析、深度訪談，瞭解兩岸簽署環境保護合作協議所處的時空背景，研究發現，國際環境對兩岸環保政策、治理都造成一定的影響。 同時，本研究以6W 分析，檢視馬政府時期簽署的23 項兩岸協議、相關文獻，並輔以訪談資料，研究發現，兩岸簽署環境保護合作協議的「原因」包括兩岸發展觀念的轉變、兩岸共同的汙染問題、兩岸各界的倡議、以及兩岸環保產業的商機；兩岸環境保護合作協議的「協商主體」是海基會與大陸海協會；兩岸環境保護合作協議的「簽署形式」仍會透過兩岸兩會的制度化協商機制來完成；兩岸環境保護合作協議的「簽署時間」和「簽署地點」將會安排在未來一次的兩岸兩會高層會談進行簽署，大陸十三五規劃期間，將會是兩岸簽署環境保護合作協議最適合的「簽署時機」。 此外，研究發現，兩岸環境保護合作協議的「內容」將依循〈海峽兩岸醫藥衛生合作協議〉的文本架構，又包括空氣品質管理、水汙染防制、土壤及地下水汙染防制、廢棄物管理及資源回收、環境衛生與毒物管理、環境檢測監測、以及環境教育等七項合作領域。 最後，本研究分析兩岸簽署環境保護合作協議後可能的影響，以及影響簽署進程的因素，並提出相關政策建言，與相關研究之建議。

The cooperation on environmental protection between Cross-Strait was mainlyfocused on academic exchanges until the recovery of institutional negotiation between Taiwan and China in 2008,.During the Ninth Round of Cross-Strait High-Level Talks,the two sides have agreed to promote exchanges concerning environmental protectionissues between respective competent authorities. First, this study is adapted both documentary analysis and in-depth interviews to address the background of signing the agreement. Second, this study took advantage of 6W method, answering each problem regards to the Cross-Strait cooperation agreement on environmental protection. With examining Cross-Strait exchanges archives, documents and the interviews, this studysuggested that the reasons of singing the agreement. Also, this study indicated the identity of negotiating parties, and the way how agreement would be completed.Meanwhile, this study discussed the time and the place of signing the agreement, and the best timing of signing the agreement. In addition, this study pointed out that the textual framework of Cross-Strait cooperation agreement on environmental protection, and suggested the area of cooperation. Finally, this study suggested that the possible influence after signing theagreement on environmental protection, and the factors which may interrupt the progress of signing agreement. This study also provide some opinions and suggestions for respective competent authorities and the future studies.