生技醫療產官學合作模式探討

Abstract

生技醫療產業，是一個被預期可解決未來人類在醫學、製藥、材料、糧食、能源以及生態等問題的重要投資產業，全球先進國家莫不競相投入大量資源，積極執行生技醫療產業的培植與發展。研究單位與大專校院為知識的泉源和智慧財產生產的重鎮，而企業是能將無形的知識價值轉化為有形的經濟財產，經由產官學合作將技術轉移實際地應用在產業界，協助提昇企業的競爭力，進而強化國家整體的經濟能量。 本研究藉由蒐集相關之文獻、著作加以分析，首先簡介生技醫療產業的背景、運作現況和未來發展的潛能，以及該領域產官學合作的模式、動機與合作現況，再整理我國在產官學合作中的科技、技術移轉或研究成果歸屬之相關法規的執行和介紹，並且解釋產官學合作的定義以及對於國家經濟成長的重要性，另外，彙整文獻中對於產官學夥伴關係的特質加以說明。最後，藉分析「公立醫學中心與私人生醫企業」共同合作研發案例，以探討現今的生技醫療產官學合作模式，參考前述文獻著作分析該案之產官學合作模式與目標動機，說明合作過程中智慧財產權的歸屬和利益分配，以及合作結束後的共有財產、研究成果和專業人員的配置與管理，另外，套用文獻所解釋的產官學夥伴關係特質，藉以說明雙方的夥伴關係，並且從產官學合作過程中整理出已遭遇到和未來潛在性的困難。 本文所研究的生技醫療產官學合作模式係藉描述公立醫學中心和私人生醫企業合作研發案例來瞭解現今生技醫療產業產官學合作過程中，面對已遭遇到的困難，包含合約終止的後續合作規範、智慧財產權的分配與授權的公正性、利益衝突及知識近用限制的避免、契約的策略性彈性空間，以及教師升等制度的改革和醫療檢驗糾紛處理等未來潛在性的困難，期能從個案分析中尋求適當的解決方式以及期待政府能對於產官學合作的未來有所改革。

Biotechnology is a very important and prospective investment currently and its applications are used in a variety of areas of science such as agriculture and medicine. The universities and research institutions are long taken as the origin of knowledge for industries. Through a well-designed cooperation, that is, industry-government-academia cooperation, those intellectual property rights, patents and technology generated from academic organizations could be applied in the industries to bolster industrial competency and economic growth. Although government in Taiwan has advocated and subsidized the industry-government-academia collaboration for many years, there are still certain regulations needed to be reformed and problems happened during the cooperation have to be contemplated especially in terms of biotechnology and medicine care fields. The thesis reviews the related literatures about the motives and models of industry-government-academia liaison in biotechnological field and describes the background of biotechnology, current development status, and future growth potentials. Also, the article compiles the norms and regulations with respect to intellectual property rights, patents, and technology transfer produced during the collaboration. Additionally, by analyzing case study “National medical center and Private biomedical enterprise Joint Research and Development” to identify the problems and potential obstacles happened in the time period of collaboration. Finally, the end of the thesis points out the difficulties including IP management, patent licensing, conflict of interests, the regulations for faculty promotion, medical dispute and contents of contract and recommends some resolutions for the universities, research institutions and governments accordingly.