東南亞新興市場導入自動化設備對組織內人員行為及作業績效之研究－紡織成衣業柬埔寨廠之個案分析

Abstract

台灣的成衣製造業曾經是創造台灣經濟奇蹟的一重要因素，但面臨勞工成本的考量及區域經貿的壁壘，成衣業者為求生存，紛紛外移至人工低廉的地區生產，也帶動了新興市場如東南亞地區的柬埔寨、菲律賓、印尼、泰國、越南及中國大陸紡織成衣代工的興起。東南亞新興紡織工業國家的竄起，使得中、低級紡織品為主力的產品在國際市場上價格競爭更加激烈。然而，這些新興市場國家經過了10多年的發展，在現今面臨的是過去不被重視的第三世界國家的竄起，因他們擁有的是更大、更充沛、更低廉的勞動人口。 面對第三世界國家超低廉勞工成本，思考東南亞國家的持續競爭力即為本論文研究及將探討的紡織成衣自動化的演進，利用過去累積的資金和技術等方面的優勢，提升製衣品質、效率，減少即將遭遇到的逐年工資高漲及勞動力短缺的窘況。 此外，本論文在研究東南亞新興市場導入自動化對於企業績效及組織內人員的研究，運用了部分文獻的探討及實際論文個案公司的詳實數據佐證對於導入科技自動化輔以工票資訊系統等相關績效做了精密而深入的研究論述。此外，數據的驗證也足以代表了新興市場雖在主客觀的全球經營環境不佳的情況下，仍可以在科技自動化的投入當中，創造競爭力。

The apparel manufacturing industry in Taiwan was once an important factor in creating Taiwan's economic miracle. However, faced with labor cost considerations and barriers to regional trade, the apparel industry has been relocating to low-cost areas without choices. Countries in Southeast Asia, such as Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and mainland China, have been rising stars to textile and apparel. Southeast Asia's emerging apparel industry is creating a better service to making the low/middle grade apparel retailers to compete internationally while price competition is more intense. However, these emerging southeast countries, after more than 10 years of developments, are now facing huge challenges from the third-world countries that have been neglected in the past and those challenges from having more abundant, and less expensive workforce. In the face of the lower labor costs of the Third World countries, thinking about the sustainable competitiveness of Southeast Asian countries in this study of thesis is to explore the evolution of apparel industrial automation, the use of accumulated capital and technology advantages to enhance the quality, efficiency, to reduce the upcoming and gradually wage hikes and labor shortages year by year. In addition, this thesis studies the real case of introducing automated machineries in Cambodia and how it influenced the enterprise performance and the organization behaviors. The thesis analyzes the company's detailed and practical data, supplemented by information systems and other related performances of comparisons in both with and without introduction automated machineries. The data output are sufficient to represent even global business environment is not good, in southeast country, like Cambodia can still with support from automation of science and technology investment nowadays, creating competitiveness.