社會企業之商業模式創新：以幸福小站營運模式為例

Abstract

人類的生活因為革命性的科技創新與進步，創造了與過去截然不同的文明，不過人類整體的生活是否因為科技而變得更幸福，或只是變得更極端？2005年湯馬斯佛里曼（Thomas L. Friedman）撰寫「世界是平的」一書而引起廣泛的討論，不過在地球另一端的貧窮問題並未因而被鏟平。因科技進步而被取代的失業人口是否加速了M型化社會的產生並造成世襲貧窮？人類社會的整體發展有賴於所謂的第一部門（公部門）、第二部門（私部門）以及第三部門（志願部門）的發揮效用來平衡所謂的「市場失靈」以及政府失能下所造成的社會缺口，不過實際上卻存在著無法被滿足的中間地帶（The missing middle）。近年來有一股社會企業創新的力量正在崛起，透過商業經營的手法，在滿足市場需求的同時也創造社會價值並發揮影響力。 在本論文中，主要透過研究全球社會企業的經典案例以及其創新的商業模式，歸納整理出社會企業營運的基本架構，並且以『幸福小站』社會企業商業模式為案例，提出一個可以用來幫助解決弱勢單親家庭的就業並同時照顧下一代的問題。並且透過分析其營運架構（operation model）、社會企業商業模式與社會價值網（social value net），來剖析一個社會企業的價值主張、所需具備的獲利模式以及所能創造的社會價值。透過本論文的研究方法與分析架構，幫助計畫中或營運中的社會企業，以更有系統的方式，進行策略分析，找到其所應具備的關鍵成功要素，落實社會企業的價值主張並有效創造社會影響力，進而追求永續經營，讓人類的整體文明發展，走向健康而富裕的社會。

The life of human beings has been significantly transformed by the revolutionary technology, which is creating a distinct civilization compared with that of the past. However, we might ask if this life has become happier, or poorer? Thomas L. Friedman’s book “The World is Flat” in 2005 mentioned that the innovated technology has flattened the world, but we didn’t see it paved the poverty issue at the other end of the earth. In fact, some workforces have been replaced due to technology innovation and thus caused higher unemployment rate, which accelerates the generation of M-type society, leading to the hereditary poverty. Human’s welfare strongly relies on the collaboration of public sector, private sector and the voluntary sector to reduce the “market failure” or government disability issues. However, there exists a “missing middle” between the three sectors. A new form of social business is rising that has a special Impact on the world by using the business methods to advance the social, environmental and human justice. In this article, the typology of classical social enterprises and the business model are studied. The analytical framework for social enterprise is proposed, and employed the analysis of “Happiness Store Program” to identify the key successful factors. The “Happiness Store” is a social enterprise program for the target population of unfortunate low-income single-parent families in Taiwan. The evaluations of the operation model, social business model, social value net as well as social value proposition and the impacts are fully discussed. In the result of the study, the requirements of key success factors (KSF) for establishing a social enterprise are addressed. The proposed analytical framework could also be used as systematic approach for evaluating the design of the social business model as well as the business strategies in order to realize the value position and social impact with sustainability. We hope this innovative business model will influence the society toward a healthy, wealthy and happiness world.