引進產銷履歷驗證對農業合作社影響之研究

Abstract

近年來，國內外食品安全事件頻傳，造成消費大眾恐慌，為杜絕食品安全事件之發生，政府於2003年開始規劃推行產銷履歷制度，產品由源頭控管，從生產到餐桌皆公開透明。台灣小農制一向有生產規模過小，生產成本高而缺乏競爭力的問題。若要引入產銷履歷制度，驗證成本對個別農民而言，恐難以負荷。現代的農業是一種企業，必須有適度的產銷規模，也要講究經營效率。農民組織譬如農業合作社集合個別農民的資源，除了擴大經營規模，集中產量增加議價能力，經營效率更加提昇，若能導入產銷履歷制度勢必更具競爭力。本研究擬根據組織經濟學(Barney and Ouchi, 1986)評估農業合作社導入產銷履歷制度之影響。 以合作社推動集團驗證，可以降低費用，因此，個案在推動產銷履歷制度過程，完全獲得社員支持。產品銷售額也呈現上漲趨勢，顯示受到消費者支持。由此可知，個案之合約管理確實降低合約成本而達到制約社員的目的。此外，個案能夠落實內部稽核制度，顯示代理關係確立，社員對於合作社之運作，高度支持。綜合而言，個案導入產銷履歷可以有效降低合約成本與代理成本，進而讓合作社成為架構健全且運作良好的組織。政府應該輔導合作社或產銷班等農民生產組織，才能有效推廣產銷履歷制度。

Most of Taiwan farmers are peasants, they are lacking in competitiveness owing to the small scale production and high production cost. Therefore, most of them are hardly to afford the verification cost for the traceability system. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of Taiwan Good Agriculture Practice (TGAP) on the operation of agricultural cooperatives from the prospect of organizational economics (Barney and Ouchi, 1986). The findings of this research show that the cooperative in case study performed thoroughly the management activities at each stage of the value chain including the main activity and supplementary activities. The cooperative takes the advantage of his specialty to handle the bargain between suppliers and buyers. His competitive superiority derives from his professional work assignment and his IT-based management system.