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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 蔣本基(Pen-Chi Chiang) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kuan-Wei Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳冠薇 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T00:56:09Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2015-04-27 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2015-02-12 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Bapat, J. D. (2012). Mineral admixtures in cement and concrete: CRC Press.
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Journal of hazardous materials, 138(2), 261-268. Yang, K.-H., Jung, Y.-B., Cho, M.-S., and Tae, S.-H. (2014). Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on reduction of CO 2 emissions from concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/18240 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 鋼鐵與水泥業是國家經濟發展之重要產業，如何兼顧產業經濟發展與環境保護儼然已成為最重要的問題。本研究探討將鹼性固體廢棄物透過碳酸化程序轉換成「永續營建材料」之可行性；同時，應用超重力旋轉填充床以提升碳酸化程序之效率。實驗材料為中鋼轉爐渣細粒料。本研究目標包括:(一) 鑑定爐渣碳酸化前後之物化性質；（二）評估不同操作因子對於轉爐渣之固碳效率與容量之影響；（三）研析碳酸化後轉爐渣對於再利用於混合水泥之效益，探討項目包括：物理性質、強度發展、體積穩定性與耐久性。
研究結果顯示，在超重力旋轉填充床中，二氧化碳可於常溫環境下有效轉換為穩定之碳酸鈣沉澱。於溫度30 oC與60 oC時，每公斤爐渣之固碳容量分別可達0.202 與 0.221 公斤CO2。此外，將碳酸化實驗數據以表面覆蓋模式進行分析，模擬其碳酸化反應之動力學特性，表面覆蓋模式迴歸之R2介於0.97至0.98。此外，碳酸化後之爐渣進行事業廢棄物毒性特性溶出程序，檢出值符合台灣建築中心之綠建材標章標準，且碳酸化可有效去除爐渣之free-CaO與Ca(OH)2，加強其再利用於混合水泥之健度與耐久性。另一方面，將碳酸化爐渣應用於混合水泥之工程材料初探，混合水泥配比為以碳酸化前後之爐渣分別取代10%重量比之水泥。碳酸化爐渣藉沉澱碳酸鈣產生之高比表面積特性，提供水泥水化產物額外之成核點，提升混合水泥水化速率、縮短凝結時間，並提升混合水泥早期之抗壓與抗彎強度發展；此結果亦藉由水化熱與水化產物微觀分析佐證。此外，爐渣經過碳酸化後於混合水泥之抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力與乾縮行為亦明顯改善。據此，本研究結果顯示爐渣透過碳酸化程序可有效固定二氧化碳，並提升產物應用於混合水泥之潛力，早期強度發展、物理性質、抗硫酸鹽侵蝕能力與乾縮行為較未反應前爐渣優異。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This study explores the feasibility of developing sustainable construction materials via mineral carbonation of steelmaking slag, i.e., basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS). The carbon fixation capacity of BOFS was quantified by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Various engineering properties and hydration characteristics of blended cement with 10 % of both fresh BOFS and carbonated BOFS by weight as cement replacement was investigated.
The results indicate mineral carbonations accompanied by significant reduction in basicity and fixing 0.202 and 0.221 kg CO2/kg BOFS at 30 oC and 60 oC within the rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. The reaction kinetics of carbonation experiments could be well expressed by the surface coverage model, with R2 values ranged from 0.97 to 0.98. Cement blended with 10 wt% of carbonated BOFS resulted in reduced setting times and accelerated early strength development, which was consistent with the results of hydration heat and XRD observations. The SEM observations suggest that the carbonated BOFS could serve as nuclei for the precipitation of hydration products, while also accelerating the hydration. In addition, blended cement with 10 % of carbonated BOFS improved sulfate resistance ability and drying shrinkage property compared to 10 % of fresh BOFS at ambient temperature (23oC). The mineralogical composition changes after carbonation have beneficial effects on the hydraulic property in concrete. It was thus concluded that the carbonation of steelmaking slag should be considered as a feasible and attractive process for carbon fixation and waste valorization. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T00:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-R01541112-1.pdf: 3279845 bytes, checksum: f84d12fd5b2b8958856c42db35976662 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Contents
中文摘要 II Abstract III Contents V Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1-1 Background 1 1-2 Objectives 5 Chapter 2 Literature Review 6 2-1 Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) 6 2-1-1 Mineral Carbonation Technology (MCT) 6 2-1-2 Carbonation Process Chemistry 9 2-1-3 Carbonation Reaction Kinetics (Surface Coverage Model) 11 2-1-4 Alkaline Solid Waste 14 2-1-5 Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) 17 2-2 Cement Concepts 19 2-2-1 Production and Composition of Cement 20 2-2-2 Hydration Process of Cement 22 2-2-3 Hydration Heat of Cement 25 2-2-4 Physical Properties of Cement 26 2-2-5 Drying Shrinkage 27 2-2-6 Sulfate Attack 28 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 30 3-1 Research Flowchart 30 3-2 Materials 31 3-3 Carbonation Experiments for CO2 Fixation 32 3-3-1 Carbonation Methodology 32 3-3-2 CO2 Fixation Capacity Estimation 34 3-4 Laboratory tests for partial cement replacement 35 3-4-1 Test on Pastes 36 3-4-2 Test on Mortars 38 3-5 Material characterization techniques 40 3-5-1 Laser Particle Size Analysis 40 3-5-2 Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) 40 3-5-3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis 41 3-5-4 X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD) Analysis 41 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 42 4-1 Characterization of fresh and carbonated BOFS 42 4-1-1 Basic Physicochemical Properties 42 4-1-2 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test 45 4-1-3 Thermo-gravimetriv (TGA) Analysis 46 4-1-4 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis 48 4-1-5 X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD) Analysis 50 4-2 Effects of Operating Parameters for Carbonation Experiments 52 4-2-1 Reaction Kinetics 52 4-2-2 CO2 Fixation Capacity 56 4-3 Utilization of BOFS in blended cement 57 4-3-1 Physical Properties 57 4-3-2 Hydration Heat 59 4-3-3 Mechanical Strength Development 61 4-3-4 Drying Shrinkage 63 4-3-5 Sulfate Attack 64 4-3-6 Microstructure Characterization of Hydration Products 66 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 69 5-1 Conclusions 69 5-2 Recommendations 70 Reference 71 List of Figures Figure 1-1 BOFslag produced from steelmaking process 3 Figure 1-2 Classification and application of BOF slag under different cooling process 4 Figure 2-1 MCT process routes (Olajire, 2013) 7 Figure 2-2 Material fluxes associated with ex-situ MCT of silicate rocks and industrial residues (Bobicki et al., 2012) 8 Figure 2-3 Process concept for (a) Direct and (b) Indirect carbonation (Note: M refers to either calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg)) (Bobicki et al., 2012) 9 Figure 2-4 Schematic diagram of carbonation mechanism of BOFS based on the assumptions of surface coverage model (Pan et al., 2014) 13 Figure 2-5 Flow diagram of dry process for Portland cement manufacture (Mehta and Monteiro, 2006) 21 Figure 2-6 Simple illustration of the cement hydration process 22 Figure 2-7 Schematic of the rate of heat evolution during the hydration process of cement (Kocaba, 2009) 25 Figure 2-8 The effect of fineness of cement on the compressive strength of concrete (Gambhir, 2013) 27 Figure 3-1 Research flowchart in this investigation 30 Figure 3-2 SEM images of (a) virgin and (b) ground BOFS. 31 Figure 3-3 Schematic diagram of experimental setup for carbonation in RPB 32 Figure 3-4 Pictures of normal consistency and setting time test: (a)Vicat apparatus, (b) mixer, (c) moist room. 37 Figure 3-5 Pictures of autoclave soundness test: (a) specimen molds, (b) autoclave, (c) length comparator. 37 Figure 3-6 Isothermal calorimetry (I-Cal 2000 HPC, Calmetrix) 37 Figure 3-7 Pictures of compressive strength test: (a) specimen molds, (b) testing machine (Computer-Control Servo Hydraulic Concrete Compression Testing Machine, HT-8391PC, 300 Tons). 39 Figure 3-8 Pictures of flexural strength test: (a) specimen molds, (b) testing machine (Material Test System, 5 Tons), (c) flexure testing device 39 Figure 3-9 Pictures of drying shrinkage test: (a) specimens and container, (b) dry room, (c) length comparator (digital). 39 Figure 3-10 Laser particle size analyzer (CILAS 1090) 40 Figure 3-11 SEM Equipment (a) FE-SEM(S4700, Hitachi) (b) auto fine coater (JEOL JFC-1600 ) 41 Figure 3-12 X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD, D8-Advance) 41 Figure 4-1 Particle size distribution of OPC, fresh BOFS and carbonated BOFS (carbonation conversion=0.6). 44 Figure 4-2 TG-DTG-MS curves of fresh BOFS 47 Figure 4-3 TG-DTG-MS curves of carbonated BOFS (operating conditions: QG=3 L/min, QL=1.5 L/min, rotation speed=1000 rpm, 30oC, carbonation conversion=60%). 47 Figure 4-4 SEM-EDS images of fresh BOFS 49 Figure 4-5 SEM-EDS images of carbonated BOFS (operating conditions: QG=3 L/min, QL=1.5 L/min, rotation speed=1000 rpm, 30oC, carbonation conversion=60%). 49 Figure 4-6 XRD patterns of fresh and carbonated BOFS (carbonation conversion=0.6) 51 Figure 4-7 Model fitting result of carbonation experiments under different operating codition 54 Figure 4-8 Comparison of predicted carbonation conversion of BOFS by surface covererage model with experimental conversion of BOFS 55 Figure 4-9 Effects of operating conditions on CO2 uptake and pH 56 Figure 4-10 Heat of hydration of tested pastes: heat evolution 60 Figure 4-11 Heat of hydration of tested pastes: total heat evolved 60 Figure 4-12 Drying shrinkage of tested mortar under air curing condition 63 Figure 4-13 Sulfate expansion of tested mortar immersed in 5% Na2SO4 65 Figure 4-14 Comparison of XRD patterns of CBOF10 pastes at different stages of hydration 66 Figure 4-15 Comparison of XRD patterns of tested pastes at 28 days 67 Figure 4-16 SEM morphologies of the hydration products of (a) BOF10 mortar and (b) CBOF10 mortar at the age of 28 days 68 List of Tables Table 2-1 Summary of waste products for mineral carbonation. (Bobicki et al., 2012) 15 Table 2-2 Summary of supplementary cementing material (IEA, 2009) 18 Volcanoes, some sedimentary rocks, other industries 18 Table 2-3 Composition of PC with chemical composition and weight percent 21 Table 2-4 The principal hydration stages of Portland cement (Bensted and Barnes, 2002) 23 Table 2-5 Causes of concrete deterioration (Mindess et al., 2003; Thomas, 2013) 28 Table 3-1 Summary of characteristics of the RPB reactor and operating conditions for carbonation experiment used in this study 33 Table 3-2 Mixture proportion of cementitious material for specimens 35 Table 3-3 Summary of laboratory test for partial cement replacement 35 Table 4-1. Basic physicochemical properties of OPC and BOF slag used 43 Table 4-2 TCLP results of BOFS and the limits for each of regulated elements 45 Table 4-3 Comparison of predicted carbonation conversion of BOFS by surface covererage model with experimental conversion of BOFS. 54 Table 4-4 Variation of k and r square values with operating conditions for surface coverage model. 55 Table 4-5 Physical properties of tested pastes 58 Table 4-6 Flow and mechanical strengths of tested mortars 62 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.title | 以碳酸化煉鋼爐渣進行固碳及其再利用於混合水泥 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Carbonation of Steel-making Slag for CO2 Fixation and Utilization in Blended Cement | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 103-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 顧洋(Ku Young),張怡怡(E-E Chang),陳奕宏(Yi-Hung Chen),林逸彬(Yi-Pin Lin) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 碳酸化,混合水泥,煉鋼爐渣,碳酸鈣,表面縮核模式,成核點, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | carbonation,blended cement,steelmaking slag,calcium carbonate,surface coverage model,nucleation site, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 79 | |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2015-02-12 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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