景觀知覺資訊應用於景觀規劃之操作研究

Abstract

目前對於景觀概念的理解比以往更加強調人的參與及知覺。由於景觀規劃扮演著影響景觀發展的重要角色，因此有必要在規劃過程納入人們的知覺因素。然而實際操作上，知覺資訊與景觀規劃所需資訊之間仍然有銜接上的問題。沒有經過適當方式蒐集與分析處理的知覺資訊未必能有效協助景觀規劃。目前雖然有許多景觀知覺方面的研究，但是對於如何有系統的處理知覺資訊使其能更有效協助景觀規劃決策，這個部份的研究則比較少。本研究從實務應用的角度，以紮根理論為基礎結合照片訪談法，並以作者本身在景觀規劃實務工作長期經驗為輔助，針對景觀知覺資訊如何應用於景觀規劃提出操作研究。 研究結果顯示從規劃者實務應用的角度，景觀知覺資訊需求主要包括景觀特質、景觀價值與景觀改變三項。從受訪者的知覺資訊顯示其對景觀特質的知覺包含實體與非實體性因素；景觀價值的知覺包含繁榮發展、環境美感與意義等因素；而景觀改變的知覺則包含在地生活生計發展的映射。經由研究結果可以瞭解單只有實體環境元素的組合尚無法構成「景觀」，因為它還必須包括人的活動、知覺、情感才完整，而景觀的變遷與其動態性是景觀的本質之一，因此景觀規劃在操作上的著眼不應從某種特定風貌的靜止性保護為標的，應著重於其動態性變遷的經營。此外，景觀規劃在操作方法上也不應侷限於規劃者自身的價值認知，而必須納入與構成此一景觀相關的人的因素來考量，並以此為基礎尋求景觀的發展、保育、特質與認同之間的平衡，以及景觀規劃在回應景觀動態性變遷時所應扮演的角色。

The present understanding of the concept of landscape, compare to those of the past, has more emphasis on human involvement and perception. Landscape planning has been suggested to incorporate human perception as it plays an important role in shaping landscape. Nevertheless, a gap remains between perceptual data and practical information. How perception could be processed to inform practitioners’ decisions is little known. Hence, this paper began with clarifying the meaning and definition of the present idea of “landscape”. Then, taking this understanding and based on grounded theory and an understanding about practitioners’ needs, this paper developed a methodological framework to explore how perception could be applied and the extent to which it could benefit practice. The findings show that the present idea of “landscape” has three aspects, the physical, perceptual and time. Peoples’ perceptual constructs, as the key part of the framework, include landscape characters, values and changes that indicate required practical information. Furthermore, physical elements and non-physical factors constitute landscape characters; landscape values comprise land development, aesthetic appreciation and internal meanings; landscape changes mean a reflection of local life. These imply landscape planning is not merely for practitioners but for all sectors of communities, and striking the better balance between development and conservation is needed, as landscape involves local distinct features and population’s collective identity.