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標題: | 有限存貨動態訂價與產品回收之研究 Dynamic Pricing of Limited Inventories with Product Trade-In |
作者: | Yin-Ju Chou 周胤儒 |
指導教授: | 郭佳瑋(Chia-Wei Kuo) |
關鍵字: | 收益管理,動態訂價,回收,多世代商品,議價, revenue management,dynamic pricing,trade in,multi-generation products,negotiation, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著市場新世代商品快速地推出,眾多尚有使用價值的舊世代商品於市場中進行回收及再販售,同時提供給顧客不同的商品選項,讓顧客能用較便宜的價格購買舊商品,或將手中的舊商品進行回收換取現金。廠商則在銷售時間內同時進行不同世代商品的銷售及回收,這些新舊商品的銷售及回收已經成為現今市場中的主流現象。 本研究旨在探討雙世代商品的銷售及回收對廠商決策價格及收益的影響,假設一間廠商於銷售期間中販售新世代商品及二手舊世代商品,同時也進行舊世代商品的回收。廠商在交易過程中有三種決策價格,包括新世代商品售價、二手舊世代商品售價和回收價格,本研究透過廠商交易事件及市場參數建構動態訂價模型並探討三種決策價格的趨勢。 本研究證明了三種決策價格與商品機會成本之間的關聯性,發現回收價格及二手舊世代商品售價只會受到單一庫存成本的影響,但廠商的新世代商品售價會同時受到新商品庫存成本與舊商品庫存成本兩方向的影響,並透過數值分析確認新商品售價於銷售時間內會呈現非單調的趨勢。 於基本模型外本研究利用三種延伸模型去對不同的管理意涵進行探討。(1)利用回收成本模型分析回收需要成本時廠商的回收決策,並確認廠商的回收決策會具有單調性的趨勢。(2)透過無回收模型分析市場中因為回收事件而造成的銷售變化,發現在無回收模型中二手舊世代商品售價會提高,而新世代商品售價則不會有固定的趨勢。並說明不同銷售模型中各類顧客將會有不同的購買決策差異,因此回收事件的有無將會影響到顧客的購買情況。(3)將議價事件加入模型並探討議價對收益的影響,本研究發現廠商的新世代商品售價於不同議價能力的模型中將會呈現交錯的趨勢,解釋了廠商於不同的剩餘銷售期間情況下,會因為自身議價能力的高低而有不同的決策考量,代表廠商價格決策會同時受到銷售時間及議價能力的影響。 A trend of selling old and new generations of products and also recycling of products on the market seems getting more popular nowadays. According to the changing needs of the customers, new products based on newest technology are released rapidly. In the meantime, there are all sorts of valuable old products still on the market for recycling and selling to meet basic needs of customers who do not need the most current and the most powerful and advanced products. Some customers would purchase the used outdated generation of the products with lower prices, and some would trade in for currency. While some sellers keep different generations of products in the inventory, there are also some sellers to buy used older generations of products from consumers to resale. The goal of this research is to explore how sellers price the new and old products to optimize the expected revenue, when purchase of new and old products, and trade in all allowed in a selling period. Prices of new, old and trade in products have to be determined. A Dynamic Pricing model is built on probability of purchase products and limits given on the inventory to determine the trend of these three prices. Interactions are found between opportunity cost and the prices of new, old and trade in products. Prices of trade in and old products would solely be determined by the inventory cost. However, the price of new products would be influenced by the inventory of both new and old products. Moreover, the optimal price of new products is not monotonic during the selling horizon through numerical study. Three extension models are further formulated to explore the effects on revenue management. First extension: Trade in Cost. How would the trade in cost change the seller’s preference to allow trade in? We found the decision is monotonic. Second extension: No Trade in. If no trade in is allowed during the selling season, the price of old products would rise and the price of new products would fluctuate. Price differences between Trade in and No Trade in would lead the customers into different decisions to purchase or no. Third extension: Negotiation. The posted price of the new products would change based on different negotiation power of the sellers and also time remained during the selling season. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/17654 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202002380 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 商學研究所 |
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