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標題: | 都市生活廢棄物生質纖維製造與應用生命週期評估 Life Cycle Assessment on the Manufacturing and Application of Bio-fiber from Municipal Soild Waste |
作者: | Chi-Peng Yang 楊起鵬 |
指導教授: | 張慶源 |
關鍵字: | 區域生質能源中心,垃圾衍生燃料,生質纖維衍生燃料,生命週期評估,溫室氣體減量, Local bio-energy utilization center,refuse derived fuel,biofiber derived, |
出版年 : | 2013 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 地球溫室效應持續惡化,減少溫室氣體成為各國重要議題,積極開發可利用的生質能源備受重視。台灣也在政策上的支持朝向永續社會發展的理念,其中環境保護署(環保署)訂定「資源循環零廢棄」,全國垃圾量持續減少,使各地區焚化廠餘裕容量增加。另外環保署規劃評估將焚化廠逐步轉型為「區域生質能源中心」,為考慮將都市固體廢棄物(municipal solid waste, MSW)經過機械熱處理轉製生質纖維衍生燃料(biofiber derived fuel, BFDF),同時解決垃圾問題及節能減碳目標。可將能源效率提高且開發出的新潔淨能源的生質燃料,從而減少對仰賴進口化石燃料的依賴性,提高國內自產能源供應。因此以BFDF作替代能源之一,值得加以考慮。
本研究利用生命週期評估軟體SimaPro 7.3.3版中選用IMPACT 2002+模式量化其潛在衝擊評估,進行都市生活廢棄物產製生質纖維衍生燃料與應用(情境-BFDF)之環境效益衝擊評估,及與進口燃煤發電供應鏈之加以比較評估BFDF之衝擊減量效益。其中BFDF之產製與應用分為(1)使用再生能源為電力之情境1-BFDF-RE,及(2)以我國電力結構為使用電力之情境2-BFDF-TE。各個供應鏈中人體健康、生態品質、氣候變遷、資源耗損等損害方面單項得點結果顯示,情境1-BFDF-RE供應鏈中對各單項之危害為人體健康為1.56E-06Pt、生態品質為2.81E-07Pt、氣候變遷為1.03E-06Pt、資源耗損為1.15E-06Pt;情境2-BFDF-TE供應鏈中對各單項之危害為人體健康為3.23E-06Pt、生態品質為4.97E-07Pt、氣候變遷為3.28E-06Pt、資源耗損為3.53E-06Pt;燃煤供應鏈中對各單項之危害為人體健康為1.48E-06Pt、生態品質為6.42E-07Pt、氣候變遷為1.21E-06Pt、資源耗損為1.36E-05Pt。其中整體環境衝擊為燃煤供應鏈最高為16.932E-06Pt,其次為情境2-BFDF-TE之10.537E-06Pt,最輕之情境1-BFDF-RE之4.021E-06Pt。BFDF不同比例燃燒經過特徵化值轉為損害評估時比例越高對生態品質、氣候變遷、資源耗損項目衝擊類別具有正面效益(即減輕損害),則對人體健康損害項目較高。使用生質纖維衍生燃料燃燒發電時,每發一度電需要0.548 kg BFDF,即要投入3.262 kg都市廢棄物到,其溫室氣體減量效益為0.35003 kg CO2-eq。 The greenhouse gases (GHGs) effect on the global warming of the earth has been worsening, therefore it has become an important worldwide issue. Great emphasis has been paid to the development and utilization of biomass energy. On the policy, Taiwan also supports the idea of ever-developing of society. The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) has made the policy of “Energy Recycling and Zero Waste Discharge.” The total amount of rubbish of the whole country has been reduced continuously, resulting in the surplus capacity of incineration plants. Thus, TEPA plans to turn some incineration plants to “Local Bio-energy Utilization Center”, so as to produce bio-fiber derived fuel (BFDF) from the municipal solid waste (MSW) through the mechanical heat treatment. This would improve the energy utilizing efficiency, and produce new clean bio-energy. It can reduce the dependence of importing fossil fuel, and enhance the self domestic energy supply. Therefore, development of BFDF as a clean energy matches the multiple and substituent energy policy. This research uses the SimaPro 7.3.3 edition software for the life cycle assessments of producing BFDF from MSW and its application to power generation for various scenarios. IMPACT 2002+ assessment model was employed to quantify potential impacts. The use of imported coal for power generation is takes as the base scenario for comparison. Considering all supply chains of the scenarios, the effects on the human health, ecosystem quality, climate change and resources were evaluated. In Scenario 1 producing BFDF using electricity generated from renewable energy from incineration plant (S1-BFDF-RE), the results shows that BFDF-RE supply chain gives the impact points as: human health = 1.59E-06Pt, ecosystem quality = 2.81E-07Pt, climate change = 1.03E-06Pt and resources = 1.15E-06Pt. For Scenario 2 manufacturing BFDF applying electricity provided by Taipower Company (S2-BFDF-TE), the impact points are: human health = 3.23E-06Pt, ecosystem quality = 4.97E-07Pt, climate change = 3.28E-06Pt and resources = 3.53E-06Pt. If the supply chain is directed from imported coal, the impact points become: human health = 1.48E-06Pt, ecosystem quality = 6.42E-07Pt, climate change = 1.21E-06Pt and resources = 1.36E-05Pt. For overall, environmental impacts the supply chains of coal, S2-BFDF-TE and S1-BFDF-RE are 16.932E-06Pt, 10.534E-06Pt and 4.021E-06Pt, respectively. It indicates that coal results in the highest damage effect, while S1-BFDF-RE the lowest. Further, a higher mixing ratio of BFDF for co-firing with coal gives lower damage effects of ecosystem quality, climate change and resources, thus is more beneficial to the said three categories. Howere, it is more harmful to the human health due to more processes are involved in the production of BFDF than the sole mining of coal. For generation of 1 kWh electricity, 0.548 kg BFDF and 3.26 kg MSW are needed with GHGs reducing of 0.35003 kg CO2eq/kWh. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/17455 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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