臺北市陸籍配偶生活適應/福利服務輸送之研究：社會排除的觀點

Abstract

本研究以陸籍配偶為研究對象，採用立意抽樣與深度訪談研究方法，針對其非正式支持與正式制度支持之所處環境，探討其社會排除狀況。研究發現，陸籍配偶至臺灣後所處的家庭、生活環境與條件之個別差異極大。在非正式支持體系的部分，因仲介或因自由戀愛而結婚者，是影響陸籍配偶生活與家庭適應的重要影響因子，這與陸籍配偶的配偶，及其家庭怎樣看待陸籍配偶有很大的關係；其次，因各陸籍配偶所處的家庭環境不同，導致陸籍配偶之經濟狀況各有差異，受訪者中，包含有能夠經濟獨立者，但也有需要外出工作幫忙維持家計者，且家庭經濟狀況影響陸籍配偶之生活適應至關重要；社區參與與人際互動的部分，也深受上述二者的影響，能夠參與外籍配偶輔導課程者，多為婆家對其觀念與態度較為開放與寬容者，且是家庭經濟較寬裕者；最後，文化差異與語言隔閡，仍是各陸籍配偶的情況，而對其生活與家庭適應分別有不同程度之影響。 在正式支持制度部分，首先為陸籍配偶深受入出境管理與身分居留問題所苦，受訪者大多不清楚申請居留、延長居留，以及身分證申請的行政程序（10位受訪者有9位不清楚），此外，也分別受到行政場域中，或多或少的社會歧視；勞動參與的部分，雖說陸籍配偶工作證已於2012年8月取消，但本研究受訪者有工作需求者，大多於該日期之前就已就業，而對該證之申請程序都不甚了解，同時也都認為在臺灣不容易就業，除了一般勞動市場的供需問題外，陸籍配偶的身分也是難以進入的關鍵；特殊的是，受訪陸籍配偶都表示不在乎政治參與的權利，且均表示家庭生活適應與否較為重要，政治參與與否則無關緊要；最後，政府開辦之輔導方案與其他福利服務使用方面，有參與過課程者均表示能夠從中獲得益處，且有社會參與之效，再根據社工與督導之訪談，關於婦女與其他福利服務，雖說該機構無實際服務，但均會審慎評估並進行轉介。本研究也於文內末章提出政策意涵與相關之實務建議。

In this paper, Mainland spouse as the research object, using purposive sampling depth interviews with research methods, support for informal and formal institutions which support the environment in which to explore the social exclusion condition. Study found that Mainland spouses to Taiwan after which the family, the individual living environment and conditions vary greatly. Part of the informal support system, because intermediaries or because free love and get married, was the impact of land with life and family adaptation of important factors, which land with spouses, and their families how to treat land with a great relationship; secondly, because the land in which the spouses of different family environment, leading to land with the economic conditions vary, respondents, including those who are able to financially independent, but there is a need to go to work to help support the family by, and the household economy conditions affecting the land with life adaptation is essential; community involvement and interaction of the parts, but also by the impact of the two, to participate in counseling sessions with outside persons, mostly ideas and attitudes of their husband's family is more open and tolerant person, and is home to more economically well-off persons; Finally, cultural differences and language barriers, is still the continent with the situation, and adapt their lives and families were affected to varying degrees. In the formal support system parts, first by the entry and exit for the land with the issue of residence and identity management suffering, respondents were unclear apply for residence, extension of stay, as well as the administrative procedures for identity cards (10 respondents 9 unclear), in addition, were also subject to administrative field domain, more or less social discrimination; labor participation part, although Lu with a work permit was canceled in August 2012, but the demand for those respondents who have a job, mostly in employment even before that date, and the application of the certificate programs are not well understood, but also believe that Taiwan is not easy job, in addition to the general labor market supply and demand issues, the land is difficult to access with the identity of the key; special yes, the respondents have expressed their land with the right to political participation, care, and have indicated whether or not the more important to adapt to family life, political participation and otherwise irrelevant; Finally, the government-run program of counseling and other welfare services use, have been involved in curriculum caught representation to derive benefit, and there is social participation effect, according to the interviews with social workers and supervisors, on women and other welfare services, although no actual service of the institution, but will carefully evaluate and make referrals. The study also within the last chapter in the text put forward practical policy implications and related recommendations.