氮肥施用量對祕魯酸漿的生長、生理營養及多酚含量的影響研究

Abstract

秘魯酸漿 (Physalis peruviana L.) 傳統上具有抗菌、利尿、止痛及治療哮喘等功效。近年研究顯示，秘魯酸漿地上部萃取物具有良好的抗氧化及抗發炎活性，此活性可能來自多酚類化合物。因秘魯酸漿的栽培資料仍相當缺乏，其原料來源與品質常受栽培條件及環境因子所影響。為生產高品質秘魯酸漿原料，故本研究目的為探討氮肥施用量對祕魯酸漿的生長、生理營養及多酚含量的影響。試驗採完全隨機設計，處理分別為不施肥 (Control, 0 kg N ha-1) 、尿素 (Chem, 180 kg N ha-1)、有機質肥料 (Org 1, 180 kg N ha-1)、兩倍有機質肥料 (Org 2, 360 kg-N ha-1) 及四倍有機質肥料 (Org 4, 720 kg N ha-1)，共五種處理，每處理四重複。於幼苗移植盆栽後第90、120及150天分批採收地上部、根部植體與土壤進行分析。結果顯示，各階段採收之各處理株高與總酚含量均無顯著差異。與Control處理組比，施肥處理均可提高植株鮮重170-346%。地上部總類黃酮含量隨生長時間下降，根部則隨生長時間增加，其中根部Org 4處理組比Control處理組增加242%。Org 2與Org 4處理組之每株植體之氮肥吸收量均為2 g，顯示Org 2處理已達植株對氮肥的最大吸收量。在移植第150天後的Org 1處理出現最高地上部多酚化合物含量，其中caffeic acid、chlorogenic acid及ferulic acid的生成量分別為0.59、2.72及0.04 mg plant-1；根部則以Org 4處理為最高，其中chlorogenic acid、vanillic acid及epicatechin的生成量分別為2.36、2.08及0.16 mg plant-1。綜合結果顯示，Org 1處理對秘魯酸漿之植株的品質與產量改善為最佳，如提高植體鮮重約200%、株高16%及特定多酚類化合物含量35-90%，其中以chlorogenic acid含量為最高 (2.17 mg plant-1)。本次研究亦發現，Org 2及Org 4處理不益於地上部多酚化合物的生成，但可增加根部總類黃酮含量，試驗中說明Org 1處理為最適肥培條件。

Physalis peruviana is traditionally used for treating asthma, leukemia and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that the shoot extracts of P. peruviana possessed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; these activities are suggested to be contributed by polyphenolic compounds. Given the information on P. peruviana cultivation is very lacking, and the quality of its materials is affected by cultivation conditions and environmental factors, hence in order to produce high quality P. peruviana materials, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different nitrogen rates on the growth, physiological-nutrition and polyphenol contents of P. peruviana. The study was conducted under completely randomized design. There were five treatments comprising of no fertilizer (Control, 0 kg N ha-1), urea (Chem, 180 kg N ha-1), organic fertilizer (Org 1, 180 kg N ha-1), two times organic fertilizer (Org 2, 360 kg N ha-1) and four times organic fertilizer (Org 4, 720 kg N ha-1); each treatment was performed with four replications. The samples (shoots, roots and soil) were harvested and analyzed at 90, 120 and 150 day after transplanting. The results showed that the height and total phenolic content of treatments were not significantly different between periods of harvesting. Compared with the control, fertilizer treatments (Chem, Org 1, Org 2 and Org 4) led to an increase in shoot weight by 170-346%. The total flavonoid content in shoot was decreased between 90 to 150 days, but the total flavonoid content of root was increased. The total flavonoid content in the root of P. peruviana of Org 4 treatment was found to be higher than that of the Control by 242%. Each whole plant was able to uptake 2 g nitrogen in Org 2 and Org 4 treatment at 150 days, demonstrating that the plant has already absorbed the maximum nitrogen. The content of the highest three polyphenolic compounds was in the shoot of Org 1 treatment at 150 days, that were 0.59 mg plant-1 for caffeic acid, 2.72 mg plant-1 for chlorogenic acid and 0.04 mg plant-1 for ferulic acid. In the root, the content of the highest three polyphenolic compounds was in Org 4 treatment at 150 days, that were 2.36 mg plant-1 for chlorogenic acid, 2.08 mg plant-1 for vanillic acid and 0.16 mg plant-1 for epicatechin. Taken together, this study was shown that Org 1 treatment was the best in improving the quality and production of P. peruviana material; for example, the increase in fresh weight of plant by about 200% and height by 16%, as well as enhancing the selected polyphenolic compound content by 35 to 90%, in which the content of chlorogenic acid was the highest (2.17 mg plant-1). This study has also demonstrated that Org 2 and Org 4 treatments were not effective in increasing the synthesis of polyphenolic compounds in the shoot of P. peruviana, but is capable of increasing the total flavonoid content in its roots. Org 1 treatment was found to be the best cultivation condition for P. peruviana.