校園古蹟與歷史建物維護管理制度之研究-以國立臺灣大學為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討校園古蹟與歷史建物的維護管理機制，以及如何在保存校園古蹟與歷史建物乃至於校園規劃工程兩者間，取得平衡與發展，並以台灣大學的校園古蹟與歷史建物為例，透過台灣大學營繕組與台北市政府文化局共蒐集計36件的研究案例，包括：市定古蹟計22件、歷史建物計13件、保存區計1件。 本研究透過現地詳實探勘、案例資料分析、領域專家訪談、組織流程再造與國內外文獻回顧等研究方式，研擬出校園古蹟與歷史建物的維護管理專業機制，研究內容包括： 一、資產活化再利用：以行政院國家資產管理委員會所提出的「國有土地房舍資產清查與收回政策」為基礎，透過再利用計劃與策略評估，於規劃設計與工程執行階段，針對案例建物進行調查分析及維護整建經費估算，且在營運管理階段即應予以考量日常管理維護工作，並研擬出活化之經營模式，進而落實與試行校園古蹟與歷史建物的資產活化再利用計劃； 二、成立專責（案）單位：依據台大總務處的體制架構，導入組織流程再造的概念，確立各權責單位並建立領導小組，進而訂定IOS流程，精簡校方現行龐大的行政體制及健全維護管理制度為目的，輔以建構案例資料庫，著手規劃且予以試辦資產活化計劃，進而積極爭取中央政府的經費補助，減少校園古蹟與歷史建物指定並爭取予校方有利的保存條件； 三、古蹟容積率移轉：提出容積率移轉辦法評估計劃，建議主管機關開放市定古蹟、歷史建物、保存區的容積轉移，解決無法有效使用空間的問題。 本研究建構一校園古蹟與歷史建物維護管理機制，研究證實不僅可解決目前於保存校園古蹟與歷史建物乃至於校方永續發展，兩者並存且互相矛盾的問題外，可增加自籌性的維護修繕及整建更新經費來源，亦可改善過去消極的管理方式。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate how to establish a maintenance and management mechanism for historic monuments and historical buildings on college campuses and how to reach a balance between the preservation of historic monuments and historical buildings and campus planning, as well as their development. Using the historic monuments and historical buildings of National Taiwan University as an example, this study collected a total of 36 cases from the maintenance division of the university as well as the Taipei City Government Department of Cultural Affairs. In total there were 22 municipal historic sites, 13 historical buildings, and one conservation area. This study used research methods such as on-site inspections, case analysis, expert interviews, organizational process reengineering, and literature reviews to develop a professional mechanism for the maintenance and management of historic monuments and historical buildings on college campuses. The research content focused on three areas. The first focus was on asset activation and re-use, which was based on the Inventory and Recycle Policy for State-owned Land and Premises proposed by the State Asset Management Commission of the Executive Yuan, as well as an assessment on re-use planning and strategies. This study investigated and analyzed the cases during the planning and engineering implementation stage, and then estimated the funding required for maintenance and renovation. It was suggested that it would be necessary to take into account the daily maintenance during the operation and management stage, in order to develop and put into practice an operating model for asset activation and re-use programs for historic monuments and historical buildings. The second focus was on establishing specific units (programs) according to the institutional framework of the Department of General Affairs of National Taiwan University. This study introduced the concept of organization process reengineering to confirm the responsible units and establish IOS procedures, in an attempt to simplify the current complicated administrative system and complete the maintenance and management system. This study also intended to construct a database of historic monuments and historical buildings, as well as initiate the planning and trial of an asset activation program to further aggressively seek funding from the central government, reduce the specified conditions for historic monuments and historical buildings, and strive for conversation conditions that were favorable to the school. The third focus was on the transfer of the floor area ratio of historic monuments. This study proposed an assessment program for the transfer of the floor area ratio and advised the relevant authorities to transfer the floor area ratio of municipal historic monuments, historical buildings, and conservation areas to solve the problem of ineffective space usage. A maintenance and management mechanism for historic monuments and historical buildings was established, and it was verified that in addition to resolving conflicts between the preservation and maintenance of historic monuments and historical buildings and sustainable campus development, such a mechanism could also increase the sources of funding for self-initiated maintenance and renovation projects.