台灣垃圾焚化政策之政經分析:以桃園縣南北區焚化廠為中心

Abstract

台灣垃圾處理歷經掩埋、焚化與現階段之以零廢棄為目標之過程。從行政院決定興建36座焚化廠，到目前僅營運24座，其中停建10座，雲林與台東廠興建完畢後賠付BOO廠商新台幣37億元成為「備用廠」。環保署受到監察院糾正，各地方政府面臨訴訟賠償。 本文採歷史結構的研究途徑，以整合性的政經分析為研究觀點，針對我國焚化政策從制定、執行、擴大到緊縮過程，政府部門與民間團體組織與制度間隱含的特定政治與經濟偏差觀點，探討政策決策變化因素及執行困境。並以桃園縣南區廠之興建與北區廠之停建為例，以期對於我國焚化政策設施獲得較為全盤而整體的認識與瞭解，進而提出檢討，以及未來應加強方向之建議。 研究發現在焚化政策推動時，政府僅單一思考以焚化方式處理垃圾，卻忽略以資源回收方式可以解決問題，且中央與地方之府際關係互動欠佳，中央未以平行溝通方式與地方互動，亦未能隨著不同時期政經環境之變遷作滾動檢討。而地方政府對於中央提出之「一縣市一焚化爐」政策，亦未以民主及法制方式處理，產生與業者及民間環保團體衝突現象。 本研究經綜合探討的結果，提出下列建議意見：(一)以新思維儘速訂定未來垃圾處理政策。(二)加強民營法制化，避免國庫浪費。(三) 焚化廠未來組織轉型宜儘早規劃。(四)做好敦親睦鄰工作，避免鄰避爭議(五)桃園縣應提早規劃未來垃圾去處(六)修正廢棄物清理法，加強區域合作機制。

Taiwan garbage disposal development starts from landfill, incineration to the goal of zero waste at current stage. The Executive Yuan has decided to build 36 incineration factories, but only 24 factories had been brought into operation, 10 had been stopped built. Yunlin and Taitung has compensated 3.7 billion NT dollars to the BOO contractor after the incineration factories was built, and their factories had become “back up factory”. The Environmental Protection Bureau was corrected by Control Yuan, and the related local government faces the compensation lawsuit. This study refers to historical structure as research channel, political and economic integration analysis as research standpoint. Direct against the incineration policy through establish, execute, expand to cut down process. Political and economic standpoint deviation between government, non-government organization, also the system. Discussion of policy change factor and the difficulty of execution. In order to acquire a better understanding on Taiwan incineration policy, propose the self-criticism, and the direction of improvement suggestion in the future. Here we take the “stop building” case of Southern incinerator and Northern incinerator in Taoyuan County as example. According to this research, the government only focuses on incineration to dispose trash, but neglect recycle is another way to resolve the problem while promoting the incineration policy. In the meantime, the interaction of Central and local government is unsatisfied. Central government hasn’t take horizontal communication with local government, also cannot be able to do rolling self-criticism base on the change of different political and economic environment. For “one city one incinerator” policy brought up by Central government, local government also has not been implemented with democracy and legal way. This has resulted in the conflict between entrepreneur and non-government environmental organization. We came up with the following recommendations based on the research conclusion of this study: (1) To create the future garbage disposal policy with innovation thought in a short time (2) Enhance privatization, avoid extra waste of government finance (3) The possible future organization reformation of incinerator must be planned in advance. (4) Promote friendly relationship with neighbors, avoid the argument with the neighbor in other region (5) Taoyuan Government should plan where to dispose the future garbage in advance. (6) In order to resolve the local departmentalism, government should revise the law to had the region cooperate with this issue.