關於臺灣性少數原住民經歷的交織性處境與少數群體壓力之質性研究

Abstract

臺灣性少數原住民可能經歷不同的壓力經驗，這些壓力經驗可能是不同的壓力源所導致。本研究欲了解影響臺灣性少數原住民壓力經驗之脈絡，以及其壓力經驗，並以Meyer（2003）少數群體壓力理論為基礎，分析臺灣性少數原住民所面對之壓力經驗。本研究透過臺大校園資源中心與個人社群網路招募共6位臺灣性少數原住民進行深度訪談。受訪者背景多元，包含了不同性別、性傾向、原住民族、居住地、年齡等，其中受訪者主要為男同性戀與雙性戀，包含三位男同性戀、一位男性雙性戀與兩位女性雙性戀者，本研究不包含女同性戀、跨性別者與其他非二元興別者，因此本研究不能代表所有臺灣性少數原住民，並聚焦於男同性戀與雙性戀受訪者之經驗。在本研究中，臺灣性少數原住民受訪者在生命中經歷的一般性壓力源所造成的壓力經驗大多與家庭、學校環境與經濟壓力有關，雙重少數身分也讓他們的一般性壓力源變得不一般。特定性壓力源中的遠端壓力源可能是來自主流社會對原住民的刻板印象、部落、家庭與社會對性少數的刻板印象與歧視和宗教信仰對性少數的偏見與汙名。除了遠端壓力源之外，近端壓力源包含了隱藏身分與內化的恐同或種族主義歧視。而因應措施與社會支持包含朋友陪伴與訴苦、移動產生距離、隱藏身分等等。本研究看到在交織性情境下，隱藏身分、選擇性揭露與移動，既可能造成壓力，也可能成為避免衝突、保護自己及維持家庭與部落關係的情境性因應策略。本研究補充了在臺灣的脈絡下，臺灣性少數原住民的壓力源與因應措施，並且討論了對其健康的影響，最後針對大眾、教育制度、校園支持系統、心理健康服務、社群支持與其他研究和政府資料提出能回應臺灣脈絡並提升文化敏感度、文化安全與降低風險之實務建議與未來相關研究之建議。

Indigenous sexual minorities in Taiwan may experience various forms of stress arising from different sources. This study aims to explore the contextual factors that shape the stress experiences of Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minorities and to examine the nature of these stress experiences. Drawing on Meyer’s (2003) Minority Stress Theory, this study analyzes the stressors faced by Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minorities. Six Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minority participants—three gay men, one bisexual man, and two bisexual women— were recruited through the National Taiwan University Indigenous Students Resource Center and personal social networks for in-depth interviews. The participants had diverse backgrounds in terms of gender, sexual orientation, Indigenous ethnicity, place of residence, and age. The study did not include lesbian, transgender, and non-binary participants. Therefore, the findings should not be taken to represent all Indigenous sexual and gender minorities in Taiwan. This study focuses primarily on the experiences of gay and bisexual male participants. The findings indicate that the general stressors experienced by Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minorities were largely related to family, school environments, and economic pressure. Their dual minority identities also made these seemingly general stressors more complex and distinctive. Regarding distal stressors, participants reported experiencing stereotypes toward Indigenous peoples in mainstream society; stereotypes and discrimination toward sexual minorities within Indigenous communities, families, and society; as well as prejudice and stigma toward sexual minorities associated with religious beliefs. In addition to distal stressors, proximal stressors included identity concealment and internalized homophobia or racial discrimination. Participants’ coping strategies and sources of social support included emotional support and sharing with friends, creating distance through geographic mobility, and concealing their identities. At the same time, this study found that, within an intersectional context, identity concealment, selective disclosure, and mobility may not only generate stress, but also serve as situational coping strategies for avoiding conflict, protecting oneself, and maintaining relationships with family and Indigenous communities. This study contributes to the understanding of stressors and coping strategies among Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minorities within the Taiwanese experiences, and further discusses their potential implications for health. Finally, practical recommendations and suggestions for future research are proposed for the public, educational institutions, campus support systems, mental health services, community support, future research, and government data collection. These recommendations aim to respond to the Taiwanese experiences, enhance cultural sensitivity and cultural safety, and reduce risks faced by Taiwanese Indigenous sexual minorities.