中共公務員權利救濟制度之研究

Abstract

面對日益繁複的國家事務，如何擁有一支優秀精實的公務員隊伍，實為一重要課題。又為了確保公務員能專心致力於處理公務、服務人民，並且符合民主的價值與期待，「權利救濟」已經成為公務員制度中最關鍵的一環。改革開放後，中共不僅大幅度進行人事制度變革，更納入西方民主國家的概念，嘗試賦予公務員權利救濟的機會。 為了深入了解中共公務員權利救濟制度，本研究從其整套人事制度的發展背景與歷史脈絡作為研究基底，而後分別從靜態的架構面與動態的運作面，去了解中共公務員權利救濟制度之特色，除了檢視評估該制度外，並嘗試提出政策建議。 經過文獻分析、問卷調查與訪談後，本研究認為中共現行公務員權利救濟制度已有清晰的輪廓，因此有其特色與價值；惟細究其制度內涵，仍可發現些許缺失，包括：堅持「中國特色」的侷限、救濟制度適用範圍和程序的不足，以及受理機關缺乏獨立性等。 基於此，本研究認為唯有強化公務員的民主意識，完善相關法規範體系，修正行政救濟途徑之不足，並納入司法救濟的途徑，中共公務員權利救濟制度方得以有效落實。

A team of outstanding civil servants is important to a country whose affairs are getting inextricable by days and these servants’ right and remedy has therefore become an essential part of the system to ensure their concentration in public affairs and service to people in order to live up to the value and expectation of democracy. Since its reformation and reopening to the outside world, People Republic of China (PRC) has gone through major transformation in its personnel system and brought into various concepts from western countries that practice democracy to endow its civil servant proper rights and remedies. To acquire in-depth understanding of civil servant’s right and remedy system in PROC, the research establishes itself first with the knowledge of background and history of its personnel system. Both the structuring and operating aspects of said system is analyzed to discuss the characteristics of civil servant’s right and remedy system and finally, evaluation of said system is conducted and suggestion for betterment of policy made. After careful literature study, survey questionnaire and interviews, the research has found a clear outline of the existing right and remedy system for civil servants in PROC, which is rare and commendable in spirit, even though some deficiencies can still be seen when one takes a detailed look into its content. These deficiencies are: the limitation from the insistence of Chinese Characteristics, lack of scope and procedures in the relief system, and lack of independency for government organizations which are in charge of related affairs. Based on the results stated above, the research suggests that the PROC government should strengthen its civil servants’ awareness of democracy, better its legal system in related fields, amend the inadequacy of existing administrative remedy and intake the remedy as a part of judicial relief to put into effect a right and remedy system for its civil servants.