修復式正義於國軍之運用

Abstract

我國憲法明定了服兵伇之義務，雖然義務役1年役期不若韓國及以色列徵兵制的2年(以上)役期長，然自古以來，軍隊中的階級制度高壓而使長官凌虐部屬之爭議未曾少之，我國陸海空軍刑法中第44條亦訂定了長官凌虐部屬的罰則，期能規範並懲罰此類情事發生。觀察洪仲丘案發生後，立法者為明確凌虐之定義，於修法時針對軍人任務訓練特性修訂了凌虐的定義，期待刑法能發揮功能，並將軍隊中申訴管道強化及檢討，防止類案發生，以行政法積極保護軍人人權。然而陸海空軍刑法所保護法益除了軍人生命身體外，尚有軍事利益，在刑法的長官凌虐部屬罪或是行政法的申訴範圍，是無法實際解決因此類爭議衍生軍隊中團體氛圍的問題。「士為知己者死」，假使團隊失去信任，要如何執行艱困任務戰勝敵人?現階段國防部的「以法治軍」外，空軍及陸軍引進「修復式正義」以緩和現行做法及修復軍隊因爭議管教事件而破壞的團隊氣份，本文針對現行方式，進一步考量對策及提供參考。

Constitution explicitly mandates the obligation of military service. Although the one-year compulsory service period in our country is shorter than the two-year (or longer) conscription systems in South Korea and Israel, hierarchies have historically generated persistent controversies regarding superiors abusing subordinates. Article 44 of the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces prescribes penalties for superiors who abuse their subordinates, aiming to regulate and punish such misconduct. Following the Hung Chung-chiu incident, legislators amended the definition of "abuse" to align with the unique characteristics of military training, aiming to leverage the function of criminal law. Concurrently, administrative measures were implemented to strengthen internal grievance channels and review procedures, actively protecting military human rights. However, the legal interests protected by the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces extend beyond the life and physical integrity of military personnel to encompass military state interests. Neither the criminal offense of abuse by superiors nor the administrative grievance mechanisms can fully resolve the underlying issues regarding organizational climate caused by these disputes. As the proverb goes, "A scholar dies for his soulmate"; if a team loses mutual trust, how can it execute grueling missions and defeat the enemy? Beyond the Ministry of National Defense’s current approach of "governing the military by law," the Air Force and the Army introduce "restorative justice" to mitigate rigid practices and repair the unit morale fractured by controversial disciplinary events. This study evaluates current methodologies, explores further countermeasures, and provides practical recommendations for future reference.