請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104337完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 雷立芬 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Li-Fen Lei | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 許震浩 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Zhen-Hao Xu | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-08-25T16:40:54Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-08-26 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2026-08-25 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2026-08-11 09:21:03 | - |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104337 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 2019 年中國實施《降低社會保險費率綜合方案》,將企業職工基本養老保險單位繳費率高於 16% 的地區降至 16%。改革前的省際費率差異使樣本省份形成 0、2、3 與 4 個百分點的名目降幅。本研究使用 2016、2018 及 2020 年中國家庭追蹤調查資料,以浙江、廣東為對照組,其餘 23 個樣本省份為實驗組,運用包含個體與年度固定效果的差異中之差異法,分析名目降費對 16—59 歲工作年齡人口就業、非農就業、就業品質與工資的影響。
結果顯示,完整控制個人、家庭與省級特徵後,實驗組相對於對照組的就業機率提高 2.94 個百分點,非農就業機率提高 3.97 個百分點;控制政策前行業衝擊、採用替代追蹤樣本、傾向分數配對、逆機率留存加權及半參數差異中之差異等分析,均未改變主要估計的正向方向。相較之下,當期在職者的勞動契約、參保、兩種正規就業指標與工資未呈現一致性改善,無法據此認定就業品質有所改善,工資影響亦未有明確結論。此外政策強度的線性估計為正,但分類降幅結果不具單調性。異質性分析顯示,女性與青壯年的就業反應較大,鄉村相對城鎮只呈現較弱差異。教育程度的組間聯合檢定未發現顯著差異,但高中與大專以上兩組的就業係數分別顯著為正;實驗組的受僱就業機率在政策後亦較對照組顯著提高。 本研究結論較一致地支持社會保險名目降費與就業增量相關,但尚不足以證明就業品質同步改善。由於本研究樣本觀察的是個體結果,並不直接記錄企業招聘或僱員總數,且政策前僅有兩期、對照組只有兩省,2020 年調查與新冠疫情衝擊重疊,故因果解讀仍須審慎。研究結果表明,降費可透過降低企業的非工資用工成本發揮穩定就業的作用,但應同時兼顧社保基金可持續性、公平徵管與勞工保障,使就業數量增加逐步轉化為更穩定且更有保障的就業。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | China's 2019 social insurance reform reduced the employer contribution rate for basic pension insurance to 16 percent in provinces above that threshold, producing nominal cuts of zero to four percentage points. Using three waves (2016, 2018, and 2020) of the China Family Panel Studies, the study compares Zhejiang and Guangdong with 23 treatment provinces. Individual and year-fixed-effects difference-in-differences (DID) models estimate effects on employment, nonagricultural employment, employment quality, and wages among individuals aged 16–59.
With individual, household, and provincial controls, the reform is associated with relative increases of 2.94 percentage points in employment and 3.97 percentage points in nonagricultural employment. Robustness checks controlling for pre-policy industry shocks and using alternative panels, propensity-score matching, retention weighting, and semiparametric DID preserve the positive direction. Results for labor contracts, social insurance, two formal employment measures, and wages among current workers are mixed, establishing neither improved employment quality nor a conclusive wage effect. The linear estimate for policy intensity is positive, but category-specific estimates are non-monotonic. Employment responses are larger among women and adults aged 16–39, whereas the rural–urban difference is only weakly supported. Education-group coefficients do not differ jointly, although the upper-secondary and tertiary estimates are each positive and statistically significant. Wage employment also increases significantly in treatment provinces relative to the comparison provinces. Overall, the findings more consistently link nominal contribution-rate reductions to employment growth than to improved employment quality. The data capture individual outcomes, not firm hiring or headcounts. Causal interpretation is further limited by two pre-policy waves, two comparison provinces, and the overlap between the 2020 survey and the COVID-19 pandemic. Contribution-rate reductions may stabilize employment by lowering nonwage labor costs, but should be paired with sustainable social insurance financing, equitable enforcement, and worker protection to translate employment gains into more stable and secure jobs. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 i
摘要 ii Abstract iii 目次 v 圖次 vii 表次 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章 制度背景、理論機制與研究假說 4 2.1 中國社會保險繳費制度與 2019 年改革 4 2.2 法定福利、工資稅歸宿與就業調整 8 2.3 政策影響企業用工與個體就業之傳導機制 9 2.4 研究假說 10 第三章 文獻回顧與研究缺口 12 3.1 國際工資稅與雇主繳費研究 12 3.2 中國制度下的企業行為與個體結果 13 3.3 文獻評述與本研究定位 15 第四章 資料處理與研究方法 18 4.1 資料來源與樣本建構 18 4.2 被解釋變數與共變數 20 4.3 差異中之差異法 24 4.4 Abadie 半參數 DID 27 第五章 實證結果與分析 30 5.1 原始差異與就業趨勢 30 5.2 基準估計結果 32 5.3 平行趨勢與政策強度檢驗 36 5.4 穩健性分析 39 5.5 異質性分析 48 第六章 結論 56 參考文獻 60 附錄 A — 圖表 66 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 社會保險降費 | - |
| dc.subject | 個體就業 | - |
| dc.subject | 就業品質 | - |
| dc.subject | 差異中之差異 | - |
| dc.subject | 中國家庭追蹤調查 | - |
| dc.subject | social insurance contribution reduction | - |
| dc.subject | individual employment | - |
| dc.subject | employment quality | - |
| dc.subject | difference-in-differences | - |
| dc.subject | China Family Panel Studies | - |
| dc.title | 中國社會保險制度改革之就業效果研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | A Study on the Employment Effects of Social Insurance System Reform in China | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 114-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 歐陽利姝;林柏熊;葉國俊 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Lishu Ouyang;Pak Hung Lam;Kuo-chun YEH | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 社會保險降費; 個體就業; 就業品質; 差異中之差異; 中國家庭追蹤調查 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | social insurance contribution reduction; individual employment; employment quality; difference-in-differences; China Family Panel Studies | en |
| dc.relation.page | 70 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202603263 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2026-08-13 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業經濟學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2026-08-26 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 農業經濟學系 | |
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