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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 何傳愷 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chuan-Kai Ho | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 鐘岳笙 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Yueh-Sheng Chung | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-08-24T16:36:43Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-08-25 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2026-08-24 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2026-07-31 00:00:00 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | Ahmad, K., Pacha, A. S., Naqash, R. Y., Peddamma, S. K., Yellapu, S., Hudson, S., and Mondol, S., 2023. Evolutionary insights on critically endangered Kashmir red deer or hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) through a mitogenomic lens: PeerJ, v. 11, p. e15746.
Azzaroli, A., 1947. I cervi fossili della Toscana con particolare riguardo alle specie villafranchiane: Tip. Moderna, v. 1947, p. 1–184. [in Italian] Chen, Y. J., Liu, K. H., and Chu, W. L., 2016. New record of water deer (Hydropotes inermis) from Iron Age archeological sites in central Taiwan: Collection and Research, v. 29, p. 31–39. Chen, X., Wu, S., Wang, P., Wang, X., and Chao, J., 2020. A report on the Late Pleistocene vertebrate fossils from the Zhangshan locality, Suqian, Jiangsu Province: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 39(2), p. 319–331. [in Chinese] Chu, Y. T., 2014. Conservation and application of genetic diversity in the breeding population of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in Kenting National Park: Kenting National Park Headquarters, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior. [in Chinese] Chuang, J. K., Wei, K. Y., and Wu, Y. S., 2009. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Sankanshan Section, Tsailiao area, Chouchen, Tainan, southwestern Taiwan: Special Publication of the Central Geological Survey, v. 22, p. 197–214. [in Chinese] Chung, Y. S., and Cho, Y. Y., 2026. Revision of the taxonomic status and antler morphology of Elaphurus formosanus from the Pleistocene of Taiwan: Journal of Paleontology. Croitor, R., 2020. A new form of wapiti Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777 (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Late Pleistocene of France: Palaeoworld, v. 29(4), p. 789–806. Croitor, R., and Robinson, C., 2020. A revision of “Cervus” punjabiensis Brown, 1926 (Cervidae, mammalia) from the Upper Siwaliks of Chandigarh, India: Quaternary International, v. 550, p. 147–158. Croitor, R., and Crégut-Bonnoure, É., 2025. From continents to islands: tracking the red deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) and its “troublesome cousin”, the wapiti (Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777), in Europe: Anthropozoologica, v. 60(11), p. 143–163. Davis, E. B., Brakora, K. A., and Lee, A. H., 2011. Evolution of ruminant headgear: a review: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 278(1720), p. 2857–2865. de Vos, J., Mol, D., and Reumer, J. W. F., 1995. Early Pleistocene Cervidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of the cervid genus Eucladoceros Falconer, 1868: Deinsea, v. 2(1), p. 95–121. Di Stefano, G., and Petronio, C., 2002. Systematics and evolution of the Eurasian Plio-Pleistocene tribe Cervini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia): Geologica Romana, v. 36, p. 311–334. Dong, W, and Jiang P., 1993. The late Pleistocene cervodea (Artiodactyla) from Xianren cave, Jian, Jilin: Vertebrata Palasiatica, v. 31(2), p. 117–131. [in Chinese] Dong, W., 1999. The artiodactyla from Hulu cave, Tangshan, Nanjing and the environment of Nanjing man: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 18(4), p. 270–281. [in Chinese] Dong, W., and Fang, Y. S., 2004. Fossil cervids from Tuozidong, Nanjing, China: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 23, p. 197–206. [in Chinese] Dong, W., Jin, C. Z., Zheng, L. T., Sun, C. K., Lü, J. Y., and Xu, Q. Q., 2006. Artiodactyla from the Jinpendong Paleolithic site, Wuhu, Anhui Province: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 25(2), p. 161–174. [in Chinese] Fu, H. Y., 2024. New Cervid fossils (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Longshia Cave of Kenting Area, South Taiwan: Master’s thesis, Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 89p. Gao, J., 1982. Penghu fauna: Journal of Marine Science, v. 27, p. 123–131. [in Chinese] Garrod, A. H., 1877. Notes on the visceral anatomy and osteology of the ruminants, with a suggestion regarding a method of expressing the relations of species by means of formulae: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 1873, p. 2–19. Geist, V., 1998. Deer of the world: their evolution, behavior and ecology: Mechanicsburg, Stackpole Books, 421p. Goss, R. J., 1983. Deer antlers: regeneration, function and evolution: New York, Academic Press, 316p. Groves, C., and Grubb, P., 2011. Ungulate taxonomy: Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 336p. Guo, Y. S., and Zheng, H. Z., 2000. On the geological distribution, taxonomic status of species and evolutionary history of sika deer in China: Acta Theriologica Sinica, v. 20(3), p. 168–179. [in Chinese] Hayashi, S., Kubo, M. O., Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., Taruno, H., and Izawa, M., 2021. Variation and mechanisms of life history evolution in insular dwarfism as revealed by a natural experiment: Science Advances, v. 7(51), eabf3902. Heckeberg, N. S., 2017. A comprehensive approach towards the phylogeny and evolution of Cervidae: Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 292p. Heckeberg, N. S., 2020. The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach: PeerJ, v. 8, e8114. Heckeberg, N. S., Zachos, F. E., and Kierdorf, U., 2023. Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis on Elaphurus davidianus: The Anatomical Record, v. 306(1), p. 5–28. Ho, C. K., Qi, G. Q., and Chang, C. H., 2008. A Preliminary Study of Late Pleistocene Megafauna Cervus sp. from the Penghu Channel, Taiwan: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 61(1), p. 1–16. [in Chinese] Iwasaki, K., Kawamura, A., Kawamura, Y., Chang, C. H., and Mitamura, M., 2025. Mammal fossils and fossil-bearing sediments in the Tsailiao area of Tainan, the most important area yielding Quaternary mammal fossils on the land of Taiwan: A review of previous researches and prospects toward the future: The Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu), v. 64(3), p. 64–2426. [in Japaneae] Jiang, Z. G., Li, L. L., Hu, Y. M., Hu, H. J., Li, C. W., Ping, X. G., and Luo, Z. H., 2018. Diversity and endemism of ungulates on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Evolution and conservation: Biodiversity Science, v. 26(2), p. 158–170. [in Chinese] Kawamura, Y., 2009. Fossil Record of Sika Deer in Japan. In McCullough, D. R., Takatsuki, S., and Kaji, K. Sika Deer: Biology and Management of Native and Introduced Populations: Tokyo, Springer, 385p. Keneisenuo, K., Choudhary, O. P., Kalita, P. C., Duro, S., Kalita, A., Doley, P. J., Arya, R. S., Debroy, S., and Priyanka, P., 2022. A comparative study on the morphology, radiography and computed tomography of the skull bones of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor): Folia Morphologica, v. 81(1), p. 164–174. Leslie Jr, D. M., 2010. Przewalskium albirostre (Artiodactyla: Cervidae): Mammalian Species, v. 42(849), p. 7–18. Lister, A. M., 1990. Critical reappraisal of the Middle Pleistocene deer species "Cervus" elaphoides Kahlke: Quaternaire, v. 1(3–4), p. 175–192. Liu, W. H., Dong, W., Liu, J. Y., Fang, Y. S., and Zhang, L. M., 2015. New materials of the Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Tuozidong, Tangshan, Nanjing and the indications of paleoenvironment: Quaternary Sciences, v. 35(3), p. 596–606. [in Chinese] Mackiewicz, P., Matosiuk, M., Świsłocka, M., Zachos, F. E., Hajji, G. M., Saveljev, A. P., and Ratkiewicz, M., 2022. Phylogeny and evolution of the genus Cervus (Cervidae, Mammalia) as revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes: Scientific Reports, v. 12(1), 16381. Martínez Salmerón, D., 2014. Three-dimensional study of the Iberian red deer antler (Cervus elaphus hispanicus): application of geometric morphometrics techniques and other methodologies: Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 171p. Matsumoto, Y., and Otsuka, H., 2000. Morphotypes of fossil deer Cervus astylodon and its miniaturization process in the Ryukyu Islands: Tropics, v. 10(1), p. 55–64. Nagasawa, J., 1932. A fossil cervid tooth obtained from Hiramakimura, Mino: Journal of the Geological Society of Tokyo, v. 39, p. 219–224. [in Japanese] Otsuka, H., and Shikama, T., 1977. Studies on fossil deer of the Takao Collection (Pleistocene deer fauna in the Seto Inland Sea, West Japan-Part I): Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series C (Geology and Paleontology), v. 3(1), p. 11–40. Otsuka, H., and Shikama, T., 1978. Fossil Cervidae from the Toukoushan Group in Taiwan. Reports of the Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University (Earth Sciences and Biology), v. 11, p. 27–59. Otsuka, H., and Lin C. C., 1984. Fossil Rhinoceros from the Toukoushan Group in Taiwan: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 37, p. 1–35. Otsuka, H., 1988. Growth of Antler in the subgenus Sika (Cervid, Mammal) from the Pleistocene formation in the Seto Inland Sea, West Japan: Transactions and proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan. New series. Palaeontological Society of Japan, v. 1988, p. 625–643. Otsuka, H., 1989. Fossil deer assemblage from sea bottom of Bisan-Seto area with special reference to their stratigraphic positions (Pleistocene deer fauna in Seto Inland Sea. III): Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu kiyō. Chigaku seibutsugaku, (22), p. 55–87. Pitra, C., Fickel, J., Meijaard, E., and Groves, C., 2004. Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, v. 33(3), p. 880–895. Pocock, R. I., 1933. The homologies between the branches of the antlers of the Cervidae based on the theory of dichotomous growth: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 103(2), p. 377–406. Samejima, Y., and Matsuoka, H., 2020. A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia): Scientific Reports, v. 10, 8910. Sand, H., Cederlund, G., and Danell, K., 1995. Geographical and latitudinal variation in growth patterns and adult body size of Swedish moose (Alces alces): Oecologia, v. 102, p. 433–442. Shikama, T., 1937. Fossil cervifauna of Syatin near Tainan, southwestern Taiwan (Formosa): Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. Geology, v. 19, p. 75–85. Shikama, T., and Hasegawa, Y., 1965. On a new fossil cervid antler from western Japan: Science Reports of the Yokohama National University, Section II (Biology and Geology), v. 12, p. 45–47b. Spencer, L., 1995. Morphological correlates of dietary resource partitioning in the African Bovidae: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 76(2), p. 448–471. Swinhoe, R., 1862. On the mammals of the island of Formosa (China): Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 30(1), p. 347–365. Tao, H. C., 1991. A New Recerd of the Fossil Deer, Muntiacus reevesi micrurus, from Penghu: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 34, p. 83–102. [in Chinese] Teilhard de Chardin, P., and Pei, W. C., 1941. The fossil mammals of Locality 13 in Choukoutien: Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, (11), p. 44–47. Tong, H. W., Liu, J. Y., and Zhang, S. Q., 2004. Large mammal fossils from the Tianyuan cave, a human fossil site of end-pleistocene age recently discovered near Zhoukoudian: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 23(3), p. 213–223. [in Chinese] Tong, H. W., Wu, X. J., Dong, Z., Sheng, J. C., Jin, Z. T., Pei, S. W., and Liu, W., 2018. Preliminary report on the mammalian fossils from the ancient human site of Hualong Cave in Dongzhi, Anhui: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 37(2), p. 293–306. [in Chinese] Wang, X. M., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Tseng, Z. J., Takeuchi, G. T., Deng, T., Xie, G. P., Chang, M. M., and Wang, N., 2015. Cenozoic vertebrate evolution and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau: Progress and prospects: Gondwana Research, v. 27, p. 1335–1354. Young, C. C., 1932. On the Artiodactyla from the Sinanthropus site at Choukoutien: Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C, v. 8(2), p. 5–15. Zdansky O., 1925. Fossile Hirsche Chinas: Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C, v. 2(3), p. 1–94. Anthropologica Sinica, v. 39(2), p. 319–331. [in Chinese] Chu, Y. T., 2014. Conservation and application of genetic diversity in the breeding population of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in Kenting National Park: Kenting National Park Headquarters, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior. [in Chinese] Chuang, J. K., Wei, K. Y., and Wu, Y. S., 2009. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Sankanshan Section, Tsailiao area, Chouchen, Tainan, southwestern Taiwan: Special Publication of the Central Geological Survey, v. 22, p. 197–214. [in Chinese] Chung, Y. S., and Cho, Y. Y., 2026. Revision of the taxonomic status and antler morphology of Elaphurus formosanus from the Pleistocene of Taiwan: Journal of Paleontology. Croitor, R., 2020. A new form of wapiti Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777 (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Late Pleistocene of France: Palaeoworld, v. 29(4), p. 789–806. Croitor, R., and Robinson, C., 2020. A revision of “Cervus” punjabiensis Brown, 1926 (Cervidae, mammalia) from the Upper Siwaliks of Chandigarh, India: Quaternary International, v. 550, p. 147–158. Croitor, R., and Crégut-Bonnoure, É., 2025. From continents to islands: tracking the red deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) and its “troublesome cousin”, the wapiti (Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777), in Europe: Anthropozoologica, v. 60(11), p. 143–163. Davis, E. B., Brakora, K. A., and Lee, A. H., 2011. Evolution of ruminant headgear: a review: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 278(1720), p. 2857–2865. de Vos, J., Mol, D., and Reumer, J. W. F., 1995. Early Pleistocene Cervidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of the cervid genus Eucladoceros Falconer, 1868: Deinsea, v. 2(1), p. 95–121. Di Stefano, G., and Petronio, C., 2002. Systematics and evolution of the Eurasian Plio-Pleistocene tribe Cervini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia): Geologica Romana, v. 36, p. 311–334. Dong, W, and Jiang P., 1993. The late Pleistocene cervodea (Artiodactyla) from Xianren cave, Jian, Jilin: Vertebrata Palasiatica, v. 31(2), p. 117–131. [in Chinese] Dong, W., 1999. The artiodactyla from Hulu cave, Tangshan, Nanjing and the environment of Nanjing man: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 18(4), p. 270–281. [in Chinese] Dong, W., and Fang, Y. S., 2004. Fossil cervids from Tuozidong, Nanjing, China: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 23, p. 197–206. [in Chinese] Dong, W., Jin, C. Z., Zheng, L. T., Sun, C. K., Lü, J. Y., and Xu, Q. Q., 2006. Artiodactyla from the Jinpendong Paleolithic site, Wuhu, Anhui Province: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 25(2), p. 161–174. [in Chinese] Fu, H. Y., 2024. New Cervid fossils (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Longshia Cave of Kenting Area, South Taiwan: Master’s thesis, Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 89p. Gao, J., 1982. Penghu fauna: Journal of Marine Science, v. 27, p. 123–131. [in Chinese] Garrod, A. H., 1877. Notes on the visceral anatomy and osteology of the ruminants, with a suggestion regarding a method of expressing the relations of species by means of formulae: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 1873, p. 2–19. Geist, V., 1998. Deer of the world: their evolution, behavior and ecology: Mechanicsburg, Stackpole Books, 421p. Goss, R. J., 1983. Deer antlers: regeneration, function and evolution: New York, Academic Press, 316p. Groves, C., and Grubb, P., 2011. Ungulate taxonomy: Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 336p. Guo, Y. S., and Zheng, H. Z., 2000. On the geological distribution, taxonomic status of species and evolutionary history of sika deer in China: Acta Theriologica Sinica, v. 20(3), p. 168–179. [in Chinese] Hayashi, S., Kubo, M. O., Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., Taruno, H., and Izawa, M., 2021. Variation and mechanisms of life history evolution in insular dwarfism as revealed by a natural experiment: Science Advances, v. 7(51), eabf3902. Heckeberg, N. S., 2017. A comprehensive approach towards the phylogeny and evolution of Cervidae: Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 292p. Heckeberg, N. S., 2020. The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach: PeerJ, v. 8, e8114. Heckeberg, N. S., Zachos, F. E., and Kierdorf, U., 2023. Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis on Elaphurus davidianus: The Anatomical Record, v. 306(1), p. 5–28. Ho, C. K., Qi, G. Q., and Chang, C. H., 2008. A Preliminary Study of Late Pleistocene Megafauna Cervus sp. from the Penghu Channel, Taiwan: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 61(1), p. 1–16. [in Chinese] Iwasaki, K., Kawamura, A., Kawamura, Y., Chang, C. H., and Mitamura, M., 2025. Mammal fossils and fossil-bearing sediments in the Tsailiao area of Tainan, the most important area yielding Quaternary mammal fossils on the land of Taiwan: A review of previous researches and prospects toward the future: The Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu), v. 64(3), p. 64–2426. [in Japaneae] Jiang, Z. G., Li, L. L., Hu, Y. M., Hu, H. J., Li, C. W., Ping, X. G., and Luo, Z. H., 2018. Diversity and endemism of ungulates on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Evolution and conservation: Biodiversity Science, v. 26(2), p. 158–170. [in Chinese] Kawamura, Y., 2009. Fossil Record of Sika Deer in Japan. In McCullough, D. R., Takatsuki, S., and Kaji, K. Sika Deer: Biology and Management of Native and Introduced Populations: Tokyo, Springer, 385p. Keneisenuo, K., Choudhary, O. P., Kalita, P. C., Duro, S., Kalita, A., Doley, P. J., Arya, R. S., Debroy, S., and Priyanka, P., 2022. A comparative study on the morphology, radiography and computed tomography of the skull bones of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor): Folia Morphologica, v. 81(1), p. 164–174. Leslie Jr, D. M., 2010. Przewalskium albirostre (Artiodactyla: Cervidae): Mammalian Species, v. 42(849), p. 7–18. Lister, A. M., 1990. Critical reappraisal of the Middle Pleistocene deer species "Cervus" elaphoides Kahlke: Quaternaire, v. 1(3–4), p. 175–192. Liu, W. H., Dong, W., Liu, J. Y., Fang, Y. S., and Zhang, L. M., 2015. New materials of the Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Tuozidong, Tangshan, Nanjing and the indications of paleoenvironment: Quaternary Sciences, v. 35(3), p. 596–606. [in Chinese] Mackiewicz, P., Matosiuk, M., Świsłocka, M., Zachos, F. E., Hajji, G. M., Saveljev, A. P., and Ratkiewicz, M., 2022. Phylogeny and evolution of the genus Cervus (Cervidae, Mammalia) as revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes: Scientific Reports, v. 12(1), 16381. Martínez Salmerón, D., 2014. Three-dimensional study of the Iberian red deer antler (Cervus elaphus hispanicus): application of geometric morphometrics techniques and other methodologies: Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 171p. Matsumoto, Y., and Otsuka, H., 2000. Morphotypes of fossil deer Cervus astylodon and its miniaturization process in the Ryukyu Islands: Tropics, v. 10(1), p. 55–64. Nagasawa, J., 1932. A fossil cervid tooth obtained from Hiramakimura, Mino: Journal of the Geological Society of Tokyo, v. 39, p. 219–224. [in Japanese] Otsuka, H., and Shikama, T., 1977. Studies on fossil deer of the Takao Collection (Pleistocene deer fauna in the Seto Inland Sea, West Japan-Part I): Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series C (Geology and Paleontology), v. 3(1), p. 11–40. Otsuka, H., and Shikama, T., 1978. Fossil Cervidae from the Toukoushan Group in Taiwan. Reports of the Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University (Earth Sciences and Biology), v. 11, p. 27–59. Otsuka, H., and Lin C. C., 1984. Fossil Rhinoceros from the Toukoushan Group in Taiwan: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 37, p. 1–35. Otsuka, H., 1988. Growth of Antler in the subgenus Sika (Cervid, Mammal) from the Pleistocene formation in the Seto Inland Sea, West Japan: Transactions and proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan. New series. Palaeontological Society of Japan, v. 1988, p. 625–643. Otsuka, H., 1989. Fossil deer assemblage from sea bottom of Bisan-Seto area with special reference to their stratigraphic positions (Pleistocene deer fauna in Seto Inland Sea. III): Kagoshima Daigaku Rigakubu kiyō. Chigaku seibutsugaku, (22), p. 55–87. Pitra, C., Fickel, J., Meijaard, E., and Groves, C., 2004. Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, v. 33(3), p. 880–895. Pocock, R. I., 1933. The homologies between the branches of the antlers of the Cervidae based on the theory of dichotomous growth: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 103(2), p. 377–406. Samejima, Y., and Matsuoka, H., 2020. A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia): Scientific Reports, v. 10, 8910. Sand, H., Cederlund, G., and Danell, K., 1995. Geographical and latitudinal variation in growth patterns and adult body size of Swedish moose (Alces alces): Oecologia, v. 102, p. 433–442. Shikama, T., 1937. Fossil cervifauna of Syatin near Tainan, southwestern Taiwan (Formosa): Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. Geology, v. 19, p. 75–85. Shikama, T., and Hasegawa, Y., 1965. On a new fossil cervid antler from western Japan: Science Reports of the Yokohama National University, Section II (Biology and Geology), v. 12, p. 45–47b. Spencer, L., 1995. Morphological correlates of dietary resource partitioning in the African Bovidae: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 76(2), p. 448–471. Swinhoe, R., 1862. On the mammals of the island of Formosa (China): Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 30(1), p. 347–365. Tao, H. C., 1991. A New Recerd of the Fossil Deer, Muntiacus reevesi micrurus, from Penghu: Journal of Taiwan Museum, v. 34, p. 83–102. [in Chinese] Teilhard de Chardin, P., and Pei, W. C., 1941. The fossil mammals of Locality 13 in Choukoutien: Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, (11), p. 44–47. Tong, H. W., Liu, J. Y., and Zhang, S. Q., 2004. Large mammal fossils from the Tianyuan cave, a human fossil site of end-pleistocene age recently discovered near Zhoukoudian: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 23(3), p. 213–223. [in Chinese] Tong, H. W., Wu, X. J., Dong, Z., Sheng, J. C., Jin, Z. T., Pei, S. W., and Liu, W., 2018. Preliminary report on the mammalian fossils from the ancient human site of Hualong Cave in Dongzhi, Anhui: Acta Anthropologica Sinica, v. 37(2), p. 293–306. [in Chinese] Wang, X. M., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Tseng, Z. J., Takeuchi, G. T., Deng, T., Xie, G. P., Chang, M. M., and Wang, N., 2015. Cenozoic vertebrate evolution and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau: Progress and prospects: Gondwana Research, v. 27, p. 1335–1354. Young, C. C., 1932. On the Artiodactyla from the Sinanthropus site at Choukoutien: Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C, v. 8(2), p. 5–15. Zdansky O., 1925. Fossile Hirsche Chinas: Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C, v. 2(3), p. 1–94. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104219 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 鹿角是鹿科動物獨有的雄性性徵，亦是該類群、尤其化石物種分類的核心依據。然而，若缺乏與現生物種的系統性比較，種內形態差異極易被誤判為物種診斷特徵，此現象在多樣性高的化石真鹿屬（Cervus)中尤為顯著。本研究描述了產自台灣台南中更新世地層的真鹿屬鹿角和頭骨化石，透過特徵鑑定、形態比較及量化數據分析，釐清1978年所記錄的台南真鹿屬未定種（Cervus sp.）分類地位。結果顯示，該台南真鹿屬化石紀錄應為梅花鹿（C. nippon），惟其生長軌跡與現生台灣梅花鹿有所差異。此外，結合線性測量數據、地質學與分子生物學等多重證據，本研究發現化石種葛氏斑鹿（C. grayi）的診斷特徵均落在梅花鹿的種內變異範圍內，支持了過去研究對該物種有效性的質疑，據此推測過往紀錄之葛氏種紀錄應代表生存於早更新世至晚更新世的梅花鹿化石種群，且至少於中更新世時便已擴散至台灣。值得注意的是，線性測量與幾何形態分析之結果呈現出不同的分類解讀，反映出研究方法的選用可能會影響分類的結果。本研究不僅釐清了台灣真鹿屬化石紀錄與葛氏斑鹿的分類地位及演化史，更揭示了鹿科動物分類研究中評估現生物種之種內變異之必要，以提升分類的可靠性。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Antlers, a distinctive trait of cervids, serve as crucial diagnostic features for taxonomic identification, especially for fossil species where skeletal remains are limited. However, without systematic comparison with extant species, intraspecific variation may be misinterpreted as species-specific diagnostic characteristics. This issue is particularly profound in fossil Cervus species, which exhibit high morphological diversity across Eurasia. In this study, we describe fossil antlers and a skull of Cervus from the Middle Pleistocene of Tainan, Taiwan, and clarify the taxonomic status of the Cervus sp. reported in 1978, which has remained unresolved due to limited evidence. Based on key diagnostic features, detailed morphological comparisons, and quantitative analyses using both fossil specimens and extant C. nippon specimens, our study indicates that these fossils belong to the extant species C. nippon, representing a distinct population with a unique developmental pattern. Furthermore, by integrating quantitative datasets with molecular and geological evidence, our findings reveal that the antler characteristics of the fossil species C. grayi fall within the range of intraspecific variation observed in C. nippon, supporting prior taxonomic skepticism and aligning with the hypothesis of invalidity. We speculate that specimens previously assigned to “C. grayi” instead represent Pleistocene populations within the morphological variation of C. nippon, which may have occurred in Taiwan as early as the Middle Pleistocene. Notably, linear, and geometric morphometric analyses yielded different results, highlighting the influence of analytical methods on taxonomic conclusions. Overall, our study not only elucidates the taxonomy and evolutionary history of C. grayi and fossil Cervus in Taiwan, but also emphasizes the importance of considering intraspecific variation in extant species to enhance taxonomic robustness. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2026-08-24T16:36:43Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2026-08-24T16:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 i
致謝 ii Abstract iii 中文摘要 iv 目次 v 圖次 vi 表次 vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Phylogeny and the evolutionary history of the genus Cervus 1 1.2 Taxonomic history and controversies of Cervus grayi 3 1.3 Cervid records in Taiwan 5 1.4 Fossil record of Cervus sp. from Tainan 7 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods 8 2.1 Geological setting 8 2.2 Antler terminology 9 2.3 Examined specimens 11 2.4 Morphometric Analysis 12 Chapter 3: Results 15 3.1 Description of the Tainan Cervus sp. specimens 15 3.2 Comparison between Tainan specimens and extant species 17 3.3 Comparison between Tainan specimens and Cervus grayi 18 Chapter 4: Discussion 20 4.1 The validity of Cervus grayi 20 4.2 Antler morphology and its limitations in the fossil records 22 4.3 Taxonomic identification of fossil Cervus sp. from Tainan 23 4.4 Research limitation and perspective 27 References 28 Figures 39 Tables 48 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 台灣 | - |
| dc.subject | 更新世 | - |
| dc.subject | 鹿角 | - |
| dc.subject | 鹿科 | - |
| dc.subject | 真鹿屬 | - |
| dc.subject | 分類學 | - |
| dc.subject | Taiwan | - |
| dc.subject | Pleistocene | - |
| dc.subject | Antler | - |
| dc.subject | Cervidae | - |
| dc.subject | Cervus | - |
| dc.subject | Taxonomy | - |
| dc.title | 台灣南部更新世真鹿屬化石之分類修訂與鹿角種內變異 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Intraspecific antler variation and the taxonomic reassessment of fossil Cervus from the Pleistocene of southern Taiwan | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 114-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 張鈞翔 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | Chun-Hsiang Chang | en |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林千翔;林良恭 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Chien-Hsiang Lin;Liang-Kong Lin | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 台灣; 更新世; 鹿角; 鹿科; 真鹿屬; 分類學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Taiwan; Pleistocene; Antler; Cervidae; Cervus; Taxonomy | en |
| dc.relation.page | 50 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202602827 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2026-08-03 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2026-08-25 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | |
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