運用空間資訊技術在社區監測─以宜蘭縣無尾港鳥類調查為例

Abstract

「社區參與」的監測方法雖被視為一個用來彌補專業性監測資料缺漏的有效方式，但其所記錄的資料卻不一定能為後續分析所使用。由於無尾港原表單式記錄的鳥類調查，僅屬文字與數據式資料的堆砌，不能將監測資料有效與環境狀況做進一步之解讀與應用。因此本研究將空間資訊技術加入社區居民所執行之鳥類調查，藉由社區居民執行監測資料蒐集，配合部分後續專業空間分析進行資料處理，嘗試建構一個可行之社區為基礎的鳥類監測機制。其中監測機制的設計，為了能將社區在地知識與專業科學知識良好結合，利用深度訪談法取得社區居民對於鳥類與環境兩者間相互關係的在地知識，加入後續空間分析的操作中；在空間資訊技術加入社區監測的過程中，並利用參與觀察法評估其對社區的影響。本研究獲得以下三點結論： 一、將空間資訊技術加入社區居民所執行之鳥類監測，配合後續專業的資料處理，能將片段的監測資料，轉變為較具整體意義之資訊，並能更有效地進行監測資料的累積。 二、經過有效化的社區監測資料，能進一步回饋到社區的使用及其他環境經營之管理，除加強社區監測之機制外，能成為一個反覆不斷循環的社區監測操作。 三、社區居民參與空間資訊技術加入監測的過程中，所獲得能力上的提升及賦權，並促進公眾參與等，實有其重要的意義及作為。

Although community monitoring is regarded as an effective method to offset specialized monitoring problems, the data which community monitoring collect may not be used for follow-up analysis. Owing to primitive avian investigation only have letters and data’s accumulation, this study employ of spatial information technology on avian investigation which community residents execute. By means of community residents collect monitoring data accompany with professional data processing, to establish a feasible community-based avian investigation monitoring. To design a monitoring mechanism integrate local knowledge and professional science perfectly, using in-depth interview to obtain local knowledge of the relationship between avian and environment then consider it into following spatial analysis. In the process also employ method of participant observations to evaluate the impact of spatial information technology on community. The following conclusions were obtained from the findings of this study: 1. Employment of spatial information technology on community monitoring can indeed translate monitoring data into more meaningful information and accumulate monitoring data effectively. 2. Effective monitoring data can feedback to community and other environment management to reinforce community monitoring mechanism. 3. Employment of spatial information technology on community monitoring can promote community residents’ capability and encourage participation.