探討高齡者功能性視覺與公園環境屬性之關聯

Abstract

隨著醫療科技進步與人口結構改變，高齡人口持續增加，人口高齡化已成為全球重要社會議題。臺灣已於2025年邁入超高齡社會，世界衛生組織(WHO)亦將「健康老化(Healthy Ageing)」列為2021至2030年重要政策方向。而視覺作為高齡者感知環境的重要感官，其退化可能造成視力、視野及對比敏感度下降，進而影響戶外活動參與、安全性與生活品質。 公園為高齡者日常休憩與社會互動的重要戶外空間，然而過去研究較少探討不同視覺功能程度高齡者對公園環境屬性之偏好。本研究採聯合分析(Conjoint Analysis)作為主要研究方法，分為兩階段進行。第一階段透過文獻回顧與高齡者評估篩選重要環境屬性；第二階段運用正交設計建構公園情境，結合圖片模擬與文字描述進行偏好評估，共蒐集126位高齡者有效樣本，並同步蒐集客觀與主觀視覺功能資料，以探討高齡者功能性視覺與公園環境屬性偏好之關聯。 研究結果顯示，高齡者最重視照明程度，其次為字體清晰易讀、步道邊界清晰程度及標示對比程度，顯示視覺辨識、空間可視性及環境導向性為影響高齡者公園環境屬性偏好之重要因素。不同視覺功能程度之高齡者於部分環境屬性之相對重要性上雖呈現些微差異，但整體偏好方向大致一致。研究結果可作為未來高齡友善與視覺友善公園規劃設計之參考，並提供超高齡社會下都市戶外空間之環境改善方向，以提升高齡者戶外活動參與、安全性與生活品質，進一步實踐健康老化之目標。

With advances in medical technology and changes in population structure, the number of older adults continues to increase, making population aging an important global issue. Taiwan officially became a super-aged society in 2025. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also identified Healthy Ageing as an important policy direction for 2021–2030. Vision is one of the most important senses for older adults to perceive their surroundings. Age-related visual decline may lead to reduced visual acuity, visual field, and contrast sensitivity, which may further affect outdoor activity participation, safety, and quality of life. Parks are important outdoor spaces for recreation and social interaction among older adults. However, previous studies have paid limited attention to the preferences for park environmental attributes among older adults with different levels of visual function. This study adopted Conjoint Analysis and was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, important environmental attributes were identified through a literature review and evaluations by older adults. In the second stage, park scenarios were developed using an orthogonal design, and preference evaluations were conducted through image simulations and text descriptions. A total of 126 valid samples were collected. Objective and subjective visual function data were also obtained to examine the relationship between functional vision and preferences for park environmental attributes among older adults. The results showed that lighting level was the most important environmental attribute, followed by clear and easy-to-read text, pathway boundary clarity, and sign contrast. These findings indicate that visual recognition, environmental visibility, and wayfinding are important factors influencing preferences for park environmental attributes among older adults. Although slight differences were found in the relative importance of some attributes among older adults with different levels of visual function, their overall preference patterns were generally similar. The findings can serve as a reference for the planning and design of age-friendly and vision-friendly parks and provide guidance for improving urban outdoor environments in a super-aged society, thereby promoting outdoor participation, safety, and quality of life among older adults and supporting the goal of healthy ageing.