我輩貓人：流浪貓保護運動的興起與建構

Abstract

本論文主要處理台灣流浪貓保護運動的興起與發展，嘗試從中梳理台灣人與動物關係轉變的進程，即：哪些行動者在何種社會歷史脈絡中如何出現？而這樣的運動又如何可能？在這樣的行動之後又造成了怎麼樣的轉變？首先以歷史文獻進行內容分析，探討在歷史過程中，台灣人與動物關係的文化結構的轉變，並佐以法制度分析去處理流浪動物問題的出現，可以發現異於西方人與動物關係發展的步調，在終戰初期仍與人類相互依存採取放養方式的貓狗，在都市化與工業化的社會結構轉變下被排除於人類生活之外，流浪犬在1950年代的全國狂犬病大撲殺之後，始終與有害公共衛生與社會安全的負面形象勾連，而流浪貓則在失去了使用價值之後被長期無視，直到動物保護法在1998年通過之後，國家力量依然系統性地排除流浪犬，其他動物福利問題也持續存在。流浪貓問題隨著流浪犬的減少而被人們「看見」，成為下一個需要被清除的目標，但卻也因為制度的空隙給流浪貓保留了一個可能的議價空間。 筆者訪談了主要的流浪貓保護運動行動者與公部門人員，由新社會運動理論的觀點出發，認為流浪貓保護運動社群透過正興起的網際網路進行了認同建構與組織動員，將流浪貓重行定義為對張於純種貓的米克斯貓、在空間意義上與人類共同生活在街區生存的街貓，在這樣的認識框架下同時進行組織動員與外在結盟，提出TNR（Trap, Neuter, Return，亦即：捕捉、絕育、回置）方案作為爭取街貓在地生存權的手段。在公私協力之下TNR方案正式在台北市試辦，進一步分析流浪貓保護社群的發展與TNR施行前後的行動策略，如何運用這些行動策略持續爭取街貓生存的空間，而與之互動的各行動者又各自懷揣著怎樣的動力與行動，從而共同構成台灣流浪貓保護運動的場景。

This research paper discusses about the rise and development of a movement of stray cat protection in Taiwan, and tries to figure out a progress of human-animal relationship in Taiwanese history, which means who those agencies are, in what kind of social and historical backgrounds they show up, and what change they have made after they perform their actions are presented in this report. First, the author discuss how the relationship between human and animal changes culturally through the history of Taiwan based on historical texts and legal regulations those to solve problems of street animals. Compared to the human-animal relationship and ideas of animal protection of westerners, Taiwanese have a different attitude and history in this subject. In the end of the war, Taiwanese raise their cats and dogs outdoors without caging and limiting these animals’ area of activities. However, because of urbanization and industrialization, these cats and dogs are expelled from Taiwanese’s life. In 1950’s, stray dogs are caught and killed extensively in the name of rabies, which has connected stray dogs to a image as a threat to public sanitation and social safety ever since. As to stray cats, they have been ignored for a long time because they have lost their use value in Taiwanese’s life. In 1998, animal protection act is passed in Taiwan. The state still uses its power to expel stray dogs systematically, which does not solve problems about animal welfare at all. The problem of stray cats was “discovered” because the number of stray dogs decreases, and these cats become the next target of being cleaned. However, this regulation leaves a negotiable space to stray cats to survive. The author interviews some major agencies and public officials of stray cat protection. From the point of view of new social movement theory, the author considers that stray cat protection community completes their construction of identity, organization and mobilization through the rising internet. They redefine stray cats as “mixed cats” ,which are in contrast with pure-bred cats and renamed as “street cats” which share and live together with humans in the same colony. The community forms stray cats as cute and intimate neighbors. Also, at the same time, they carry out alignment, organization and mobilization under this frame, and bring up Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) policy as a method to fight for local survival right for the stray cats. At this moment, TNR policy is under a trial practice in Taipei City supported by public-private partnership. The author analyzes the development and policy of stray cat protection community before and after TNR is practiced, how the community uses their policies to fight for survival space of stray cats, and what motivations and actions people who interact with the community have. The author presents how these groups of people all together compose the stray cat protection movement in Taiwan.