學院派文學雜誌的中國與臺灣書寫——以《文學雜誌》、《現代文學》、《中外文學》（1956-1987）的小說為中心

Abstract

本文以臺灣戰後的學院派文學雜誌——《文學雜誌》、《現代文學》、《中外文學》——中的小說為研究對象，時限為1956年至1987年，探討其中「中國性」與「臺灣性」的書寫形態及其轉化過程，研究成果指出：三本學院派文學雜誌所呈現的，是中國性、臺灣性在不同時期中持續協商、轉化與重組的文學史歷程，並不單純是中國性消退、臺灣性崛起的大敘事。 本文避免將「中國性」與「臺灣性」理解為固定、對立的國族標籤，而是將二者視為一組流動的概念。研究方法上，本文透過「空間」、「時代」兩個向度，觀察小說如何呈現中國與臺灣的不同位置。並且指出，《文學雜誌》時期的小說多寫中國原鄉，例如透過孩童視角描繪中國舊社會的犧牲者或抗戰記憶，或是來臺之後，原鄉記憶的變質。臺灣描寫則以觀光景點、熱帶氣候與臺灣人、臺灣話的元素零星浮現。進入《現代文學》時期，作者群更迭，中國成為精神上的原鄉，在白先勇筆下成為童年、青春的象徵；同時臺灣書寫增多，亦出現臺灣的童年、戰爭記憶與戒嚴時代下的苦悶、出走。七〇年代以後，隨著回歸現實、本土轉向等思潮，中國則成為被反思、叛逃的對象，甚至融入了臺灣性當中；臺灣書寫則回到鄉土之中，或是批判工商業社會的弊病，銘記著七、八〇年代臺灣的情景。 藉由以上論述，本文主張臺灣性並非突然出現，而是在一篇篇聲稱關懷中國文運、復興文學傳統的雜誌小說中，透過地方感、時代感與在地生活經驗，逐漸被構擬而成，同時包容了中國、日本、美國等多元文化。

This thesis examines fiction published between 1956 and 1987 in three postwar Academic Literary Journals in Taiwan: Literary Reviewer, Modern Literature, and Chung Wai Literary Quarterly. It investigates how these works represented “Chineseness” and “Taiwaneseness,” and how the two concepts were transformed over time. This thesis argues that these journals reveal a literary-historical process in which Chineseness and Taiwaneseness were continuously negotiated, transformed, and reorganized, rather than a simple narrative of the decline of Chineseness and the rise of Taiwaneseness. This thesis treats Chineseness and Taiwaneseness as fluid concepts rather than fixed and oppositional national labels. Through the dimensions of space and historical temporality, it observes how China and Taiwan were positioned differently in these fictional works. In Literary Reviewer, fiction often centered on the Chinese homeland, including memories of old Chinese society, the War of Resistance, and the transformation of homeland memory after migration to Taiwan. Representations of Taiwan appeared only sporadically, through tourist sites, tropical climate, local Taiwanese figures, and Taiwanese speech. In Modern Literature, China became a spiritual homeland and, especially in Pai Hsien-yung’s works, a symbol of childhood and youth. Meanwhile, representations of Taiwan increased, involving childhood memories, war memories, frustration under martial law, and departure. After the 1970s, amid the turn toward reality and locality, China became an object of reflection and departure, while Taiwan was written through locality, social criticism, and the historical experience of the 1970s and 1980s. This thesis therefore argues that Taiwaneseness did not emerge suddenly. It was gradually constructed within journal fiction that claimed to care for Chinese literary development and literary tradition, taking shape through a sense of place, a sense of historical time, and lived local experience.