治理摩擦與日常延壽：台灣既有透天厝淨零轉型之詮釋分析

Abstract

建築環境的淨零轉型需要深入住宅部門，因為這裡正是推動氣候政策大眾動員的核心界面。然而，目前的氣候政策和主流學術研究存在明顯盲點。在政策層面，台灣主要關注新建案，忽略了既有透天厝。儘管此住宅類型佔全國住宅存量近一半，卻因其分散的特性難以被納入技術官僚標準化的行政可讀性之中。將此對人口結構重要的住宅類別排除在正式淨零路徑之外，不僅嚴重削弱國家的減碳能力，更加劇了政策目標與地方實際情況的斷裂。同時，學術文獻高度依賴量化的工程評估，將房屋簡化為純粹的物理容器。這種技術官僚典範忽略了居住的社會向度，特別是微觀層面的居住實踐，如何與宏觀層面的政策目標進行動態的相互形塑。為填補上述缺口，本研究採用雙軌方法，結合詮釋性政策分析和敘事探究。透過將官方政策文本與十一位多方參與者的深度訪談進行三角驗證，本研究以台灣南部透天厝屋主為實證材料，勾勒出宏觀制度腳本與微觀居住現實之間的結構性摩擦。研究結果揭示了一個支離破碎的治理地景。政府奉行「可計算性治理」，追求可衡量的營運碳效率。這使得既有建築物的蘊含碳價值在政策視野中被隱形，矛盾地引導建築物走向過早拆除，反而可能導致生命週期內產生更高的碳排放。相反地，屋主們務實地將氣候指令「馴化」，將其納入身體舒適與經濟保障的過濾機制中。出於家庭生存與延續的需求，他們積極的房屋維護行為在非預期中具有保存蘊含碳的潛力，然而這股動能卻完全游離於當前的政策框架之外。同時，夾在國家對嚴格合法性的要求以及常民非正式增建的在地現實之間，空間專業者（中介者）面臨嚴重的法規僵局，使得深度建築改造舉步維艱。為了打破這種系統性僵局，本研究呼籲超越由上而下的行政體制與僵化的量化計算，推動治理框架的根本轉向。本研究認為，制度上應正式承認常民的房屋修繕與老屋延壽為正當的氣候行動。透過導入法規彈性並主動賦權專業空間中介者，分散式私有住宅的氣候治理將能邁向更具社會鑲嵌性且貼近在地脈絡的轉型。

Transitioning the built environment to net-zero requires deep engagement with the residential sector, where public mobilization occurs. However, current climate policy and mainstream academic research present distinct blind spots. At the policy level, Taiwan predominantly targets new developments and sidelines existing tou-tian-cuo (透天厝). Although the housing typology comprises nearly half the national housing stock, its decentralized nature defies standardized administrative legibility. Excluding this demographically significant sector from formal net-zero roadmaps severely cripples national decarbonization capacity, widening the disconnect between policy targets and local reality. Meanwhile, academic literature heavily relies on quantitative engineering assessments that treat houses as mere physical containers. This technocratic paradigm ignores the social dimensions of dwelling, specifically how micro-level dwelling practices shape and are shaped by macro-level policy goals. To address these gaps, this research adopted a dual-track methodology combining Interpretive Policy Analysis and Narrative Inquiry. Triangulating official discourse with eleven multi-actor interviews, utilizing southern Taiwanese homeowners as the primary empirical material, the study mapped the structural frictions between macro-institutional scripts and micro-dwelling realities. The findings expose a fractured governance landscape. Operating through a "governance of calculability," the government prioritizes measurable operational carbon efficiency. This renders embodied carbon of existing structures invisible, paradoxically steering them toward premature demolition that potentially leads to higher carbon emissions over the life-cycle. Conversely, homeowners pragmatically "domesticate" climate mandates through the filters of somatic comfort and economic security. Driven by family survival and continuity, their proactive house maintenance unintentionally contributes to the potential preservation of embodied carbon, yet entirely outside current policy frameworks. Meanwhile, caught between the nation's demand for strict legal conformity and the vernacular reality of informal additions, spatial intermediaries face severe regulatory gridlocks that paralyze deep architectural retrofits. To break this systemic deadlock, the study advocates a paradigm shift that moves beyond a top-down administrative apparatus and rigid quantification. It argues that the institutional framework should formally recognize vernacular maintenance and building life-extension as legitimate climate actions. By introducing regulatory flexibility and actively empowering professional intermediaries, the climate governance of decentralized private housing can shift toward a more socially embedded and context-sensitive transition.