休閒參與對快樂感之中介效果

Abstract

隨著現代科技的興起，人們得以在工作及日常生活中節省許多時間用以參與休閒，從中獲取更多的滿足感和自我實現，進而促進快樂感升高。社會結構對於快樂感的影響已有許多研究證實，以休閒作為提升快樂感的調節變項相關之研究也不勝枚舉。但對於休閒前人人皆平等的概念，有學者提出質疑，認為休閒參與並非為獨立於社會結構以外的活動；反之，休閒活動的參與亦會受到社會結構的影響，不同屬性的人們參與之休閒種類和機會不同，而不同類型的休閒活動對於快樂感的影響作用亦有差異。故本文使用2007年「台灣社會變遷調查計畫」—「休閒生活」組之樣本資料作為分析來源，探討受社會結構—工作和家庭影響較深的勞動年齡人口和快樂感間之關連，以及休閒參與作為中介變項的影響。結果指出單身和無工作者相對而言參與休閒的機會較高，而且並非高度參與休閒才是促進快樂感的唯一途徑，以社會性休閒為主之參與者也擁有高度的快樂感，雖然現代人受到時間壓力的影響雖無法高度參與多樣休閒，此結果亦說明除了休閒參與頻率的重要性，參與休閒活動的種類亦是影響快樂感的關鍵。最後，休閒參與僅對就業狀態和快樂感間產生中介效果。顯示即使參與休閒後，家戶月收入和婚姻狀況導致的快樂感差異依舊無法減少。

This study tested for mediating effects of leisure participation on the association between demographic variables and happiness among 18-65 year-old people in Taiwan. Data were drawn from the 2007 Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS, n=2,147), which included a topical module on Leisure Time and Sports created by the International Social Survey Programme. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed demographic variables to be directly predictive of leisure participation. The effect of leisure participation on happiness is assured by ordinal logistic regression analysis, and not only people who highly involved in leisure participation are happier, but also people who mainly engaged in social leisure activities. However, only the effect of employment on happiness weakens when leisure participation was taken into account. The effect of family on happiness remains significantly. Results are discussed in light of contemporary notions of demographic variables, leisure participation, and happiness among people in Taiwan.