以生命週期觀點建構綠色旅館低碳策略之關鍵指標

Abstract

在氣候變遷與地球暖化的背景下，旅館業因長時間提供空調、照明與各項住宿服務設施，不僅消耗大量能源和水資源，亦產生大量廢棄物和二氧化碳排放，被視為環境污染的來源之一。隨著環保和永續旅遊的崛起，綠色旅館(Green Hotel)概念開始興起，國際間已建立Green Key、Green Seal、Green Globe等多項認證制度，臺灣亦建立環保標章旅宿制度，引導旅館業落實環境永續管理。然而，現有綠色旅館標章制度大多針對使用期間的節能管理與資源回收措施等措施，僅少數標章將規劃設計或施工階段納入評估範圍。然而研究指出，建築物在規劃與設計階段所做的決策，將影響後續建築物使用期間的能源效率與碳排放表現。 基於此，本研究以生命週期(Life Cycle)觀點為基礎，透過文獻回顧與國內外綠色旅館與建築標章分析，建構涵蓋「規劃、設計、施工、營運維護」四大生命週期階段之低碳策略初步架構。研究首先採模糊德爾菲法(Fuzzy Delphi Method, FDM)邀請具綠色旅館、綠建築、生命週期評估及永續發展等相關專業背景之專家進行意見彙整，篩選出具共識之四大階段共18項指標；其次，採用層級分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)，邀請上述專家針對四大生命週期階段與18項指標進行成對比較，評估其相對權重，進而建構綠色旅館低碳策略之關鍵指標。 研究結果顯示，在生命週期階段中，「營運維護階段」(0.3823)之整體權重最高，為旅館推動低碳轉型之主要切入點；「規劃階段」與「設計階段」之累計權重(0.4800)亦不容忽視，顯示前期決策對旅館長期減碳績效具有基礎性影響。在18項指標之總體排序中，「綠色旅館目標與計畫制定」(0.1364)權重最高，反映明確的低碳目標設定是整合各生命週期階段的核心機制，其重要性高於單一技術或操作措施。 綜合而言，本研究所建構之低碳策略關鍵指標，可作為政府主管機關在推動機制與政策設計上的優先順序依據，亦可作為業者依自身條件進行資源配置之系統性參考，協助旅館業朝向具整體性與長期效益之低碳永續發展。

Under the context of climate change and global warming, the hotel industry is considered a significant source of environmental pollution due to its long operating hours of air conditioning, lighting, and various accommodation services, which result in substantial consumption of energy and water resources as well as considerable emissions of waste and carbon dioxide. With the growing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable tourism, the concept of green hotels has emerged, and several international certification systems, such as Green Key, Green Seal, and Green Globe, have been established. In Taiwan, the Green Mark Hotels certification system has also been promoted to encourage the hospitality industry to adopt environmental sustainability and low-carbon practices. However, most existing green hotel certification systems primarily focus on energy-saving management and resource recycling during the operational phase, while only a few incorporate the planning, design, or construction stages into their evaluation scope. Previous studies have indicated that decisions made during the planning and design stages significantly influence a building’s long-term energy performance and carbon emissions. Based on this premise, this study adopts a life cycle perspective to develop a structured framework of low-carbon strategies for green hotels, encompassing four stages: planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. First, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was employed to collect expert opinions from professionals with expertise in green hotels, green buildings, life cycle assessment, and sustainable development, resulting in the identification of 18 consensus-based indicators across the four stages. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to conduct pairwise comparisons and evaluate the relative weights of each stage and indicator, thereby establishing the key indicator system for low-carbon strategies in green hotels. The results indicate that among the life cycle stages, the operation and maintenance phase (0.3823) has the highest overall weight, making it the primary entry point for hotels to implement low-carbon transitions. Meanwhile, the combined weight of the planning and design stages (0.4800) is also substantial, highlighting that low-carbon strategies should not be limited to the operational phase, but instead require integrated consideration during early-stage decision-making to achieve long-term carbon reduction performance. Among the 18 indicators, “goal setting and planning for green hotels” (0.1364) ranks the highest, indicating that establishing clear low-carbon objectives serves as a core mechanism for integrating strategies across different life cycle stages, and is more critical than individual technological or operational measures. In conclusion, the key indicators of low-carbon strategies developed in this study not only provide a systematic reference for government authorities in formulating policy priorities and implementation mechanisms, but also offer practical guidance for hotel operators to allocate resources based on their specific conditions. Furthermore, this study contributes to incorporating a life cycle perspective into green hotel low-carbon strategies and promotes a more integrated and long-term approach to sustainable development in the hotel industry.