借鏡日本「自然共生地」推動經驗：對臺灣陸域OECMs發展之啟示

Abstract

為回應「昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架」設定之「30by30」目標，「其他有效地區保育措施」(OECMs) 已成為擴大生態保育覆蓋率的關鍵策略。日本作為亞洲先行者，已建立「自然共生地」認證制度；臺灣則正處於「保育共生地」制度的建構試行階段。本研究比較日臺兩國在 OECMs 制度設計、推動機制及實踐場域屬性上的差異，藉以釐清國際規範在不同行政脈絡下的在地化轉譯特徵。 本研究採混合研究取徑，整合文獻分析、深度訪談與個案數據統計。研究訪談日臺兩國共 21 位政策制定者與實務工作者，並收集日本 328 處已認證個案與臺灣首批 69 處申請個案屬性資料，針對申請人、面積規模及棲地類型進行描述性統計分析。 研究結果顯示，日臺兩國採取了顯著不同的政策轉譯策略。日本制度回應強烈的社會期待與市場需求，透過連結 ESG 與 TNFD 機制驅動企業參與。數據顯示其申請主體以企業為大宗 (54%)，認證場域呈現「M型化」分佈，涵蓋大面積企業水源林至微型都市綠地。相對地，臺灣制度採取「脈絡化」策略，在缺乏成熟市場誘因下，轉而運用基於「資源依賴」的行政動員機制。數據顯示臺灣首批申請主體集中於個人與非營利組織 (合計 50%)，場域特徵呈現中小型尺度的均質化分布，且高度集中於里山與複合型棲地。 結論指出，日本經驗證實規範性要素與市場誘因能有效將保育網絡延伸至高度人工環境；而臺灣目前的推動樣態，反映行政機關在初期為確保制度公信力，採取審慎評估與風險趨避的執行特質。為突破現階段依賴行政資源的侷限，建議臺灣未來應建構多元驅動機制，並針對不同產業屬性設計誘因，逐步擴大私部門之實質參與。

In response to the "30by30" target under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, "Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures" (OECMs) have become a critical strategy for expanding conservation coverage. Japan has established the "Nationally Certified Sustainably Managed Natural Sites" certification system, while Taiwan is currently in the pilot stage of its "Conservation Symbiosis Sites" initiative. The purpose of this study was to compare the institutional designs, implementation mechanisms, and site characteristics of OECMs in Japan and Taiwan, aiming to clarify the localization features of international standards under different administrative contexts. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, integrating document analysis, in-depth interviews, and descriptive statistics. The researcher interviewed 21 stakeholders in Japan and Taiwan and collected attribute data from 328 certified sites in Japan and 69 applicant sites in Taiwan. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the applicants, area sizes, and habitat types. The findings revealed distinct structural differences in the initial implementation stages of the two countries. Japan’s system linked OECMs with ESG and TNFD mechanisms, utilizing an open application process. The data showed that corporations constituted the majority of applicants (54%), with sites ranging from large-scale forests to micro-scale urban green spaces. In contrast, Taiwan’s system in its introductory phase was closely linked with the "National Network of Green Conservation" policy, adopting a model of government inventory and guided application. The data indicated that the majority of initial applicants were individuals and non-profit organizations (combined 50%). The sites were primarily mid-to-small scale Satoyama landscapes and composite habitats, reflecting a high reliance on existing public-private partnership networks during the pilot stage. The study concluded that the Japanese experience demonstrates the effectiveness of market incentives in engaging the private sector and extending conservation networks into urban and industrial areas. Meanwhile, Taiwan's current implementation highlights the critical role of administrative mobilization in the initial inventory of sites but also underscores the challenge of expanding private sector participation in the future. To effectively achieve the 30by30 target, the study suggested that Taiwan should establish specific incentives for corporate participation and gradually expand the scope to include more diverse potential sites.