以文字探勘解讀《人民日報》的氣候治理報導

Abstract

本研究以2013年至2025年間《人民日報》的氣候治理相關報導為研究對象，結合文字探勘方法與批判性話語分析視角，建立一套從語意、語境到意識形態，由下而上的分析架構，探討中國共產黨如何透過官方媒體論述氣候治理議題，藉此建構統治正當性的論述基礎並進行政治宣傳。首先，透過詞頻、TF-IDF計算與LDA主題模型分析，觀察《人民日報》氣候治理報導在語意層次上的關鍵概念與潛在主題為何，以及其隨政治會議與政策節點變化的趨勢。其次，藉由詞對共現分析，檢視關鍵概念如何被重新組織、延伸與嵌入於特定的脈絡之中，以及其所欲達成的敘事功能。最後，從意識形態與權力關係角度出發，運用BERTopic主題模型歸納潛在的敘事結構，進一步詮釋《人民日報》如何藉由氣候治理報導形塑讀者對中國的國家發展、治理能力與國際角色之理解。研究發現《人民日報》的氣候治理用詞呈現高度穩定且重複的結構，氣候議題不再僅是環境政策或災害應對的技術性議題，而是與績效合法性、集中領導、大國責任高度共現，並被廣泛地鑲嵌於中國式現代化、外交話語權競逐等政治敘事之中。《人民日報》將氣候治理描述為「可被治理、可展現國家能力」的對象，將中共的氣候治理成果轉化為政權合法性的來源，更將其標榜為中國特色社會主義制度優勢的實證。最後，本研究歸納指出《人民日報》的三項核心敘事策略：將環境危機昇華為生態文明的思想高度；將減排義務轉化為負責任大國的政治擔當；以及將環境正義重構為民生福祉。相較於既有文獻中民主國家媒體多強調監督與問責，《人民日報》成功建構出一種無衝突、無失敗、無異議的單一敘事空間，反映出威權體制下媒體角色與治理邏輯的根本差異：將可能顛覆統治基礎的環境危機，轉化為鞏固中共執政合法性的材料，中國的氣候治理論述本質上是中共政治宣傳的一部分。

This study examines climate governance coverage in the People’s Daily from 2013 to 2025, combining text mining and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) constructs discourse to facilitate political propaganda and establish a foundation for regime legitimacy. The research establishes a bottom-up analytical framework spanning semantics, context, and ideology. Methodologically, the study employs TF-IDF and LDA topic modeling to analyze semantic structures and trends alongside political developments. Co-occurrence analysis is used to examine how concepts are embedded within specific contexts to achieve narrative functions. Furthermore, BERTopic is utilized to interpret how these narratives shape perceptions of national development and state capacity. The findings reveal that the People’s Daily employs a highly stable structure where climate issues are not merely technical policy matters but are deeply intertwined with Party leadership and national rejuvenation. Climate governance is portrayed as proof of the socialist system's superiority and a source of political legitimacy. The study identifies three core narrative strategies: sublimating environmental crises into governance ideals; framing emission reduction duties as "great power responsibilities"; and reconstructing environmental justice as public welfare. Unlike the watchdog role of media in democracies, the People’s Daily constructs a "conflict-free" narrative space. This reflects a distinct authoritarian logic: transforming potential environmental crises into resources for consolidating legitimacy, thereby rendering climate governance discourse an essential component of CCP propaganda.