無人飛行載具於水稻病蟲草害防治之產量分析

Abstract

為探討使用無人飛行載具（UAV）於水稻栽培中進行病蟲草害防治的應用效果，並分析其對水稻產量與栽培管理之成效。本研究以2023-2024年新竹香山地區從事水稻栽培之25位農友為對象，透過實地訪談取得栽培栽培資訊、植物保護情形與施藥經驗等資料。並依據施藥方式分為使用植保機施藥與傳統人工施藥兩組進行比較。結果顯示，相較於傳統人工施藥，植保機施藥具有明顯的效率優勢，每分地施藥時間減少40%以上，且人力需求大幅降低。而在植物保護上亦提升23%至60%之害物防除效果。產量上則分別提升9.4%與6.3%，推估可增加14,126元與8,536元收益。施藥成本差異不大，但植保機施藥在精簡人力、施藥效率上則具優勢。此外，農友也對植保機施藥方式較為滿意，反映其在實務上的優勢。由上述結果得知，植保機施藥在作業效率、病蟲草害防治成效、產量表現及農民滿意度等方面均優於傳統人工施藥方式，展現出其於當前農業勞動力短缺環境下的重要應用潛力。

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in pest, disease, and weed control during rice cultivation, and to analyze their impact on rice yield and cultivation management. The research was conducted in Hsinchu District in 2024, with interviews conducted with 25 rice farmers to collect data on cultivation area, plant protection practices, and pesticide application experience. Based on the method of pesticide application, farmers were categorized into two groups: UAV spraying and traditional manual spraying. The results show that UAV spraying offers significant operational efficiency advantages, reducing pesticide application time by over 40% per unit area and substantially decreasing labor requirements. In terms of plant protection, UAV spraying improved pest and disease control effectiveness by 23% to 60%. Yield per hectare increased by 9.4% and 6.3% in the two cropping seasons, respectively, resulting in estimated additional revenues of NT$14,126 and NT$8,536 per hectare. Although pesticide costs were similar between the two groups, UAV spraying demonstrated superior efficiency and manpower savings. Furthermore, farmers expressed higher satisfaction with UAV spraying, reflecting its practical advantages. Overall, UAV-based pesticide application outperforms traditional manual methods in operational efficiency, pest and disease control, yield improvement, and farmer satisfaction, indicating strong application potential in the context of labor shortages in modern agriculture.