請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10178
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 張顯達(Hintat Cheung) | |
dc.contributor.author | Tuyuan Cheng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 程涂媛 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-20T21:07:44Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-08-22 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-20T21:07:44Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-08-22 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-08-20 | |
dc.identifier.citation | References
Allen, Shanley E. M. 2000. A discourse-pragmatic explanation for argument representation in child Inuktitut. Linguistics, 38, 483-521. Ariel, Mira. 1990. Accessing Noun-Phrases Antecedents. London: Routledge. Ariel, Mira. 1996. Referring expressions and the +/- coreference distinction. Reference and Referent Accessibility, eds. by T. Fretheim and J. K. Gundel, 13-35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Astington, Janet W., and Alison Gopnik. 1991. Developing understanding of desire and intention. Natural theories of Mind: Evolution, Development and Simulation of Everyday Mindreading, ed. by A. Whiten, 39-50. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. Bates, Elizabeth. 1976. Language and Context: The Acquisition of Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press. Bates, Elizabeth, and Antonella Devescovi. 1989. Crosslinguistic studies of sentence production. The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing, eds. by E. Bates and B. MacWhinney, 225-253. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bever, Thomas G. 1970. The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. Cognition and the Development of Language, ed. by John R. Hayes, 279-362. New York, NY: Wiley. Bowerman, Melissa. 1979. The acquisition of complex sentences. Language Acquisition: Studies in First Language Development, eds. by Paul Fletcher and Michael Garman, 285-305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brown, Roger. 1973. A First Language: The Early Stages. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Campbell, Aimee, Patricia Brooks, and Michael Tomasello. 2000. Factors affecting young children’s use of pronouns as referring expressions. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43, 1337-1349. Chafe, Wallace L. 1974. Language and consciousness. Language, 50, 111-133. Chafe, Wallace L. 1976. Givenness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. Subject and Topic, ed. by Charles N. Li, 25-55. New York: Academic Press. Chafe, Wallace L. 1980. The deployment of consciousness in the production of a narrative. The Pear Stories, ed. by Wallace Chafe, 9-50. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Chafe, Wallace L. 1987. Cognitive constraints on information flow. Coherence and Grounding in Discourse, ed. by Russell Tomlin, 21-51. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Chafe, Wallace L. 1994. Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chafe, Wallace L. and Johanna Nichols. 1986. Evidentiality: The coding of Epistemology in Language. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Chang, Hsing-Wu. 1984. The comprehension of complex Chinese sentences by children: relative clauses. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 26, 57-66. Chang, Hsin-Wu and Hui-Ling Huang. 1986. The development of production and comprehension of DE in Mandarin. NSC report: NSC-74-0301-H002-16, Taiwan. Cheng, Sherry Ya-Yin. 1995. The Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Chinese. Unpublished MA thesis. National Taiwan Normal University. Cheng, Tuyuan, Hintat Cheung, and Shuanfan Huang. 2011. The use of headed and headless DE-marked referential expressions in Chinese mother–child conversation. Language Sciences, 33 (3), 435-458. Chen, Ping (1986). Referent introducing and tracking in Chinese narratives. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Linguistics, UCLA. Cheung, Hintat. 1997. The use of some DE structures in Chinese children's narrative. The First Symposium on Discourse and Syntax in Chinese and Formosan Languages, 135-153.Taipei. Chiu, Bonnie. 1996. The nature of relative clauses in Chinese-speaking children. Research Report for National Science Council, National Taiwan Normal University. Clancy, Patricia M. 1992. Referential strategies in the narratives of Japanese children. Discourse Processes, 15, 441–67. Clark, Herbert H., and Eve V. Clark. 1977. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Clark, Herbert H., and Thomas B. Carlson. 1982. Hearers and speech acts. Language, 58(2), 332-373. Clark, Herbert H., and Catherine R. Marshall. 1981. Definite reference and mutual knowledge. Elements of Discourse Understanding, eds. by A. K. Joshi, B. L. Webber, and I. A. Sag, 10-63. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Dasinger, Lisa, and Cecile Toupin. 1994. The development of relative clause functions in narratives. Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Devevlopmental Study, eds. by Ruth A. Berman and Dan I. Slobin, 457-514. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Diessel, Holger. 2004. The Acquisition of Complex Sentences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Diessel, Holger, and Michael Tomasello. 2000. The development of relative clauses in spontaneous child speech. Cognitive Linguistics, 11, 131-151. Du Bois, John W. 1980. Beyond definiteness: The trace of identify in discourse. The Pear Stories, ed. by Wallace Chafe, 302-374. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Du Bois, John W. 1985. Competing motivations. Iconicity in Syntax, ed. by J. Haiman, 343-365. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Du Bois, John W. 1987. The discourse basis of ergativity. Language, 63, 805-855. Erbaugh, Mary. 1982. Coming to Order: Natural Selection and the Origin of Syntax in the Mandarin Speaking Child. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Fillmore, Charles J. 1987. Relative Clauses. Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of California, Berkeley. Flavell, John H. (1988). The development of children's knowledge about the mind: From cognitive connections to mental representations. Developing Theories of Mind, eds. by J. W. Astington, P. L. Harris, and D. R. Olson, 244-267. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fox, Barbara A. 1987. The noun phrase accessibility hierarchy reinterpreted: Subject primacy or the absolutive hypothesis. Language, 63, 856-870. Fox, Barbara A., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1990a. On formulating reference: An interactional approach to relative clauses in English conversation. Pragmatics, 4, 183-196. Fox, Barbara A., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1990b. A discourse explanation of the grammar of relative clauses in English conversation. Language, 66, 297–316. Fox, Barbra A., and Sandra A. Thompson. 2007. Relative clauses in English conversation: Relativizers, frequency, and the notion of construction. Studies in Language, 31, 293-326. Fox, Barbara A. 1994. Contextualization, indexicality, and the distributed nature of grammar. Language Sciences, 16 (1), 1-37. Givón, Talmy. 1979. On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press. Givón, Talmy. 1983. Topic Continuity in Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Givón, Talmy. 1984. Syntax, vol. I. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Goodluck, Helen, and Susan Tavakolian. 1982. Competence and processing in children’s grammar of relative clauses. Cognition, 11, 1-27. Gundel, Jeanette K., Nancy Hedberg, and Ron Zacharski. 1993. Cognitive status and the form of referring expressions in discourse. Language, 69, 274-307. Halliday, Michael A.K. 1967. “Notes on transitivity and theme in English” part II. Journal of Linguistics 3, 199-244. Hamburger, Henry, and Stephen Crain. 1982. Relative acquisition. Language Development I, ed. by Stan Kuczaj II, 245-274. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Harris, Paul L. (1989). Children and Emotion: The Development of Psychological Understanding. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Holmes, V. M. 1995. A Crosslinguistic Comparison of the Production of Utterances in Discourse. Cognition, 54, 169-207. Hsu, Joseph H. 1987. A study of the various stages of development and acquisition of Mandarin Chinese by children in Chinese. NSC report. Hsu, Natalie Chun-Chieh, Gabriella Hermon, and Andrea Zukowski. 2009. Young children’s production of head-final relative clauses: elicited production data from Chinese children. Journal of East Asian Linguist, 18, 323-360. Huang, Chiung-Chih. 2000. Temporal reference in Chinese mother–child conversation: morphosyntactic, semantic and discourse-pragmatic resources. Journal of Child Language, 27(2), 421–435. Huang, Chiung-Chih. 2003. Talking about past events in conversation: an analysis of Mandarin mother–child and adult–adult discourse. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 1(1), 121–154. Huang, Hui-Ling. 1987. The Development Process of DE in Taiwan Children (in Chinese). Ph. D. Dissertation. Taiwan: National Taiwan University. Huang, Shuan-fan. 1999. Form and function in discourse and syntax. Chinese Languages and Linguistics, Vol. 5, eds. by Yuen-mei Yin, Yi-li Yang, and Hui-jen Zhan, 153-176, Academia Sinica. Jackendoff, Ray. 1972. Semantic interpretation in generative grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Jisa, Harriet, and Sophie Kern. 1998. Relative clauses in French children’s narrative texts. Journal of Child Language, 25, 623-652. Kemmer, Suzanne, and Michael Barlow. 2000. Introduction: A usage-based conception of language. Usage-based Models of Language, eds. by Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer, vii–xxviii. Stanford, CA: CSLI. Lambrecht, Knud. 1987. Sentence focus, information structure, and the synthetic-categorical distinction. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 13, 366-382. Lambrecht, Knud. 1988. There was a farmer had a dog: Syntactic amalgams revisited. Berkeley Linguistics Society, 14, 319-339. Lambrecht, Knud. 1994. Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents. Cambridge University Press. Langacker, Ronald W. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol. 1: Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford University Press. Langacker, Ronald W. 1988. A usage-based model. Topics in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Brygida Rudzka-Ostyn, 127-161. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Langacker, Ronald W. 2000. A dynamic usage-based model. Usage-Based Models of Language, eds. by Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer, 1-63. Stanford: SLI Publications. Lee, Thomas Hun-Tak. 1996. Theoretical issues in language development and Chinese child language. New Horizons in Chinese Linguistics, eds. by C.-T. James Huang and Y.-H. Audrey Li, 293-356. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Leslie, Alan M. 1987. Pretense and representation: The origins of 'theory of mind.' Psychological Review, 94, 412-426. Lewis, David K. 1969. Convention: A Philosophical Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. University California Press. Mayer, Mercer. 1969. Frog, where are you? New York: Dial Press. Packard, Jerome L. 1988. The first-language acquisition of prenominal modification with DE in Mandarin. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 16 (1), 31-54. Perner, Josef. 1991. Understanding the Representational Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Prince, Ellen. 1981. Toward a typology of given-new information. Radical Pragmatics, ed. by Peter Cole, 223-255. New York: Academic Press. Ruffman, Ted, Lance Slade, and Elena Crowe. 2002. The relation between children’s and mothers’ mental state language and theory-of-mind understanding. Child Development, 73, 734-751. Schelling, Thomas C. 1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sheldon, Amy. 1974. The role of parallel function in the acquisition of relative clauses in English. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 272-281. Slobin, Dan I. 1970. Universals of grammatical development. Advances in Psycholinguistics, eds. by G. B. F. d’Arcais and W. J. M. Levelt, 174-186. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Slobin, Dan I. 1973. Cognitive pre-requisites for the acquisition of grammar. Studies of Child Language Development, eds. by Charles Albert Ferguson and Dan Isaac Slobin, 175-208. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston. Su, Yi Ching. 2004. Relatives of Mandarin children. Paper presented at generative approaches to language acquisition in North America (GALANA), University of Hawaii at Manoa. Su, Yi Ching. 2006. Word order effect in children's garden path of relative clauses. Concentric, 32 (2), 33-57. Townsend, David J., and Thomas G. Bever. 2001. Sentence Comprehension: The Integration of Habits and Rules. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Tse, Kwock-Ping, Ting-Chi Tang, Yu-Hui Shih, and Ying Li. 1991. Chinese Children’s Language Acquisition and Development. NSC report: NSC79-0301-H003-23, Taiwan. Wang, Ning-hsin. 1996. The Syntactic Development of ‘DE’ Constructions in Mandarin-Speaking Children. M.A.Thesis, Fu Jen University. Wellman, Henry M. 1990. The Child's Theory of Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Wittek, Angelika, and Michael Tomasello. 2005. Young children’s sensitivity to listener knowledge and perceptual context in choosing referring expressions. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26, 541-558. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10178 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究探討漢語兒童在自發性表達情境中對於漢語「的」標記語句之使用。其中關係子句(relative clause)為本研究關切之重點。本研究採類實驗研究法,以三個不同言談作業(task):青蛙故事、梨子影片、樂高積木遊戲誘發兒童說出「的」標記語句。研究的立論基礎源於言談訊息(information flow)理論之主張:認為談話者於言談溝通過程中能持續對聽者談話當時之知識與認知狀態有一前提假設,談話者並根據此假設,適切選擇合於聽者認知狀態情境之語法結構。
為檢視言談訊息在溝通過程中之運作是否能適切解釋漢語兒童「的」標記語句之語法表現,本研究將三個對話作業依其訊息狀態分為(1)僅有語言訊息(2)語言訊息與視覺情境訊息並存。觀察在不同訊息狀態下之三項言談作業中,漢語兒童「的」標記語句之選用情況。 本研究探討文獻中提及的七個言談訊息層面如何在言談情境中運作。七個層面分別為:談話訊息焦點事物之訊息狀態、前後問答句其指涉事物之焦點結構、指涉事物有無人物特性、溝通行為、鋪墊機制、「的」標記語句之句法類型與功能。文獻研究顯示:語句之選用受溝通及語用因素激發影響。本研究亦顯示:「的」標記語句及關係子句得在多元功能及情境交互運作下使用。經分析語料,本研究歸納,足以影響漢語兒童與成人對話言談中使用「的」標記語句及關係子句之五項因素如下:(1)焦點事物之訊息狀態(2)溝通行為及成人與小孩間之互動(3)指涉事物之特性及與鋪墊機制之連結(4)指涉事物有無人物特性(5)成人誘發問題與兒童回答句之間的焦點結構。 言談溝通訊息分析有助於釐清為何文獻研究中自發性語料及實驗法所採集之語料,[的]標記語句之使用多呈偏態分佈。此外,以言談溝通訊息分析架構重新分析許等人(2009)誘發語句實驗之結果,亦佐證了本研究結果所觀察之現象:「成人誘發問題與兒童回答互動能激發兒童『的』標記語句及關係子句之使用」。依循Diessel 及Tomasello (2000) 之觀察,語言形式之可及、可用性,並非單獨由內在結構複雜度決定。應該也受言談中多重功能特性,以及言談情境中,溝通與互動因素影響。這些因素之探究可以從兒童與成人言談互動之過程一窺其貌。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This dissertation investigates the use of DE-marked expressions in Mandarin-speaking children’s spontaneous production, with relative clauses (RC) of particular concern. A quasi-experimental design is adopted to elicit children’s DE-marked constructions in three task-oriented discourses: story telling on Frog Story, recounting the Pear Film, and conversation in Lego construction. The assumption underlying the current study is that grammatical choices are made in the process of communicating by interlocutors on the basis of their presupposition regarding addressee’s state of knowledge and the information flow in the context.
By setting the general discourse situations in the three tasks as being of the information status either with only linguistic information (ET: evoked textually) or plus situational/perceptual information (ES: evoked situationally), we show that the grammatical use and choice of DE-marked expressions (in particular, RC) in these differing discourse situations can be appropriately explained with the information-flow factors. Seven aspects of information flow were examined in these observational settings. They are information status of the referent in focus, focus structure of the referent in the adjacent pair of utterances, humanness of the referent, communicative acts, grounding device, syntactic types and function of DE-marked expressions/RC. As previous studies have shown that grammatical options can be motivated by communicative and pragmatic factors, the current quasi-experimental design shows that the elicitation of the target DE-marked expressions/RC can be achieved if the communicative condition fits the plurifunctional properties of DE-marked expressions/RC. Five major factors are considered that might contribute to children’s use of DE-marked expressions/RC in their discourses with adults: (1) the information status of the referents in focus (2) the communicative acts associated with the interactive behaviors between child and adult (3) the entity property associated with the grounding device (4) humanness of the entity, and (5) the focus structure in the prompting question-answer pairs between adult and child. This communicative-discourse account also helps elucidate the skewed distribution of DE-marked expressions/RC in discourse and previous experimental tasks. The discourse analyses based on children’s production from Hsu et al.’s (2009) elicitation study are used as a subsidiary support to our argumentation that children’s use of DE-marked expressions/RC might be motivated by the lead-in and interaction from adults. Following Diessel and Tomasello’s (2000) observation, we suggest that the accessibility of a linguistic form is not solely determined by the internal structural complexity as proposed by previous structure-based account. Rather, it might associate with the multifunctional features in discourse and be affected by the communicative and interactional factors in discourse situations. All this can be evidenced by production data collected in child’s discourse in the process of communicating with adults. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-20T21:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-D91142002-1.pdf: 2252933 bytes, checksum: 2bd67c6ac3b6de7988ec00861491636b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | TABLE OF CONTENT
Signature Page…………………………………………………………………………i Acknowlegments………………………………………………………………………ii Abstract in Chinese…………………………………………………………………...iv Abstract …………………………………………………………………………….....v List of Abbreviation………………………………………………………………….vii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………viii List of Figures………………………………………………………………………..xii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………..xiii Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………..…………………..........1 1.1 Background.......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Questions and Purpose………………………………………………………......7 1.3 Overview of the dissertation…………………………………………………….9 Chapter 2 Literature review………………………………………………………..16 2.1 Mandarin DE-marked expressions.......................................................................16 2.2 The acquisition of Mandarin DE-marked expressions………………………….22 2.2.1 DE-marked relative clause................. ........................................................24 2.2.1.1 Sketch..............................................................................................…24 2.2.1.2 Structural puzzle………………………………………………….….26 2.2.1.3 Word-order puzzle……………………………………………….......38 2.2.2 Structural approach to the acquisition of DE-marked relative clause….......38 2.2.2.1 Structural approach…………………………………………………38 2.2.2.2 Comprehension studies……………………………………………...39 2.2.2.3 Production studies…………………………………………………..43 2.2.3 DE-marked headed and headless expressions…………………………….49 2.3 Information flow………………………………………………………………..54 2.3.1 Brief description of information flow…………………………………….54 2.3.2 Previous studies bearing on information flow………………………........60 2.3.2.1 Conversation data by adult and children………………………….60 2.3.2.2 Narrative data by children………………………………………...68 2.3.2.3 Mandarin data by adult and children……………………………...69 2.4 Factors affecting grammatical choice…………………………………………….74 2.4.1 Information status…………………………………………………………..75 2.4.1.1 Assumed familiarity………………………………………………..75 2.4.1.2 Information availability……………………………………………79 2.4.2 Focus structure………………………………………………………..........82 2.4.3 Entity property (humanness)………………………………………….........85 2.4.4 Grounding………………………………………………………………….86 2.4.5 Communicative acts………………………………………………..………88 2.4.6 Syntactic Types of DE-marked expression…………………………………92 2.4.7 Function of DE-marked expression………………………………………...94 Chapter 3 Methodology…………………………………………………………….99 3.1 Quasi-experiment…………………………………………………………….....99 3.1.1 Quasi-experimental elicitation....................................................................99 3.1.2 Factors and analytical framework…………………………………….....102 3.1.3 Comparison plan…………………………………………………………103 3.2 Method…………………………………………………………….…...............105 3.2.1 Participants………………………………………………………………105 3.2.2 Procedure………………………………………………………………...106 3.2.3 Coding, data analyses and reliability……………………….…………..114 Chapter 4 Results………………………………………………………………….123 4.1 Frog Story Retelling……………………………………………………….....126 4.1.1 Information status………………………………………………………126 4.1.2 Entity property………………………………………………….............132 4.1.3 Syntactic type…………………………………………………………..133 4.1.4 Grounding device………………………………………………………140 4.1.5 Communicative acts……………………………………………………143 4.1.6 Focus structure…………………………………………………............148 4.1.7 Function………………………………………………………………..153 4.2 Pear Story Retelling and Lego construction Tasks…………………………...155 4.2.1 Information status………………………………………………………155 4.2.2 Entity property and syntactic type……………………………………..157 4.2.3 Grounding device………………………………………………………165 4.2.4 Communicative acts……………………………………………………170 4.2.5 Focus structure…………….…………………………………………...173 4.3 Hsu et al.’s Elicitation Task..............................................................................181 Chapter 5 Discussion and conclusion…………………………………………….188 5.1 Discussion……………………………………………………………………188 5.2 Implication……………………………………………………………………202 5.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………205 References………………………………………………………………………......208 Appendix A: Recording script of Frog Story……………………………………….219 Appendix B: Frame and prompt sequence in Frog Story retelling………………….221 Appendix C: The pictures of Lego bricks…………………………………………..226 Appendix D: The complete list of coding system in this study…………………….227 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 從言談訊息談漢語兒童「的」語句之使用 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Use of DE-marked Expressions in Child Mandarin-A Study Based on Information Flow | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 黃瓊之(Chiung-Chih Huang),張妙霞(Miao-Hsia Chang),蘇宜青(Yi-ching Su),許淳潔(Chun-Chieh Hsu) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 言談訊息,關係子句,漢語關係子句,言談中關係子句,兒童漢語, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | information flow,relative clause,Mandarin relative clause,relative clause in discourse,child Mandarin, | en |
dc.relation.page | 234 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-08-21 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 文學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 語言學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 語言學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-100-1.pdf | 2.2 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。