從演算法到聯盟： 東協安全區域主義的數位轉向與跨國有組織犯罪治理

Abstract

本研究旨在探討數位科技對東南亞國家聯盟(ASEAN)安全區域主義及跨國有組織犯 罪治理之轉型性影響。在面對跨境非傳統安全威脅的情境下，ASEAN日益運用人工智 慧及其他前沿科技，以提升運作效能。此一數位安全轉向不僅改變了區域安全的討論 框架，也促使成員國積極參與聯合行動與能力共享，同時仍堅守以共識及不干涉為核 心的「ASEAN方式」。 本研究採用質性研究方法，結合對ASEAN官方文件及聲明之話語分析，並輔以聯合行 動實證案例研究，包括 Maharlika III-IV、Haechi V 及 Night Fury。研究核心問題在於: 數位科技的整合在何種程度上改變ASEAN的安全區域主義及其跨國有組織犯罪治理， 並在尊重ASEAN核心身份原則的同時，促進成員國間合作與實務共享?為此，本研究 運用三大理論架構:人類安全範式(human security paradigm)，聚焦於個體免受多元威 脅的保護;建構主義(constructivism)，說明技術合作如何塑造區域規範與集體認同; 以及新功能主義(neo-functionalism)，解析單一領域的數位溢出效應如何推動更廣泛 的整合，特別是在安全合作上。 研究結果顯示，ASEAN正逐步形成一種獨特的「數位軟性區域主義」(digital soft regionalism)混合模式，其中科技既為執法之倍增器，也是規範趨同之催化劑。隨著人 工智慧驅動之跨境威脅日益增長，成員國被迫強化其數位基礎設施。透過基於科技工 具與共享情報之反覆聯合行動，ASEAN逐步將安全話語導向更積極的實務參與，同時 維護主權。然而，挑戰仍然顯著，包括成員國間的數位鴻溝、法律框架分散，以及對 國際刑警組織(INTERPOL)等外部夥伴之依賴。 綜上，本論文認為，數位科技正在重塑ASEAN之安全架構，使成員國得以深化合作、 共享能力，並更積極地應對跨國有組織犯罪。此一數位轉向之長期成效，將取決於能 否縮小內部差距，並將既有成果制度化，同時維護ASEAN身份與基本規範，彰顯創新 在現代化區域治理中兼顧效率與規範之可能性。

This research examines the transformative impact of digital technologies on ASEAN’s security regionalism and the governance of transnational organized crime. Confronted with cross-border non-traditional security threats, ASEAN is increasingly adopting artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies to enhance operational capabilities. This digital security turn has reshaped the regional security discourse itself, encouraging member states to actively engage in joint initiatives and share capacities, while still adhering to the core principles of the “Asean Way” based on consensus and non-interference. Using a qualitative methodology, the research combines discourse analysis of official ASEAN declarations with empirical case studies of joint operations – Maharlika III-IV, Haechi V and Night Fury. The study aims to answer this central question: To what extent does the integration of digital technologies transform ASEAN’s security regionalism and its governance of transnational organized crime, enhancing cooperation and shared practices among member states while respecting the core principes of ASEAN’s identity? To do so, three main theories are applied: the human security paradigm, which frames the shift towards protecting individuals from permeable menaces; constructivism, which highlights how further technological collaboration influences regional norms and collective identity; and neo functionalism, which explains how functional digital spillovers in one sector foster broader integration, especially in security cooperation. Findings show that ASEAN is developing a distinctive hybrid model of ‘digital soft regionalism,’ where technology acts as both a force multiplier for law enforcement and a catalyst for normative convergence. The growing emergence of AI-enabled cross-border threats compels member states to strengthen their digital infrastructures. By conducting repeated joint operations based on technological tools and shared intelligence, ASEAN is gradually shifting its security discourse toward more proactive engagements while respecting sovereignty. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain, including a pronounced digital divide among member states, fragmented legal frameworks, and continued reliance on external partners like INTERPOL. The thesis concludes that digital technologies are redefining ASEAN’s security architecture by enabling deeper cooperation, shared capabilities, and more active engagement against transnational organized crime. The long-term effectiveness of this digital turn will depend on bridging internal disparities and institutionalizing gains in ways that preserve ASEAN’s identity, demonstrating how innovation can modernize regional governance while maintaining foundational norms.